Effervescent Atomization of Gasoline Containing Dissolved Co2

Spray Characteristics of Diesel Fuel Containing Dissolved Co2

“…Among their other conclusions relating to the atomization distance and the effect of the injection pressure, Zhen et al (1994c) concluded that the spray angle gradually increases with the CO 2 content. However, this observation is in contrast to two observations by Senda et al (1997Senda et al ( , 1999 and Rashkovan et al (2004). In order to reduce both NO and soot emissions from diesel engines while keeping, or improving, their thermal efficiency, Senda et al (1997Senda et al ( , 1999 studied the effect of CO 2 content in n-tridecane on the atomization characteristics and found that the indicated thermal efficiency was improved with higher CO 2 content.…”

“…For high injection pressures the addition of dissolved CO 2 results in an increase in the number of small droplets. Rashkovan et al (2004) and (Rashkovan and Sher, 2006) also concluded that the spray cone angle is nearly independent of the injection pressure, while it depends strongly on the carbon dioxide content. They noted that the shape of the cone for pure gasoline injection is hollow, while for an increasing amount of CO 2 content it becomes closer and closer to the solid type.…”

“…The search for new approaches to improve fuel injection, combustion efficiency, and exhaust emissions in internal combustion engines has been accelerated in the last decade due to worldwide tightening of air pollution regulations. Fuel enrichment with dissolved CO 2 prior to injection is one of the more promising ideas toward reaching these goals (Zhen et al, 1994a,b,c;Senda et al, 1997Senda et al, , 1999Rashkovan et al, 2004;Rashkovan and Sher, 2006;Xiao et al, 2008aXiao et al, ,b, 2009.…”

“…In contrast to the findings of Zhen et al (1994c), Senda et al (1997Senda et al ( , 1999 found that the spray angle gradually decreases with the CO 2 content. Dissolved CO 2 in gasoline was studied by Rashkovan et al (2004). They studied the atomization process of gasoline containing dissolved CO 2 that occurs in steady flow conditions and investigated experimentally the effect of the injector design parameters.…”

“…The spray characteristics (SMD and D 0.9 ) were measured while observing the flow pattern inside the injector (Rashkovan and Sher, 2006). Rashkovan et al (2004) and (Rashkovan and Sher, 2006) found that the impact of CO 2 is a major effect that not only affects the SMD, but also improves the droplet volume fraction distribution. For high injection pressures the addition of dissolved CO 2 results in an increase in the number of small droplets.…”