Effects on the Central Nervous System

Loew, D.; Deusen, E.B. Van; Meier‐Ruge, W.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66775-6_6

Cited by 35 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 306 publications

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“…Ergot alkaloids can increase body temperature by a direct effect upon the temperature regulating areas in the brain (Nickerson 1970, Loew et al 1978. This central effect upon body temperature occurs at a lower dosage compared to that necessary to mediate vasoconstriction.…”

Section: Animal Toxicosis-tall Fescuementioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-quality factors associated with alkaloids in eastern temperate pasture

Thompson¹,

Stuedemann²,

Hill³

2001

REM

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The greatest anti-quality associated with eastern temperature pasture grasses is the result of ergot alkaloids found in endophyte-infected (Neotyphodium ceonophialum) tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) The relationship between the grass and the endophyte is mutalistic with greater persistence and herbage mass as a result of the endophyte. Ergot alkaloids reduce growth rate, lactation, and reproduction in livestock. Significant effects are the result of elevated body temperature and reduced peripheral blood flow such that necrosis may result. Perturbations also occur in a variety of body systems. Planting new pastures with seed containing a "non-toxic" endophyte appears to be a potential solution. Ergotism results from the ingestion of the scelerotia of Claviceps purpurea containing ergot alkaloids found on seed heads. Ergotism resembles the effects of endophyte-infected tall fescue. Endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) contains ergot and lotirem alkaloids that result in reduced growth and tremors. Reed canarygrass (Phalaris Anundinacba L.) contains tryptamine, hordenine and gramine alkaloids that reduce growth. Annual ryegrass (Lolium multiplorum L. may contain galls with cornetoxins which result in neurological signs.

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Section: Animal Toxicosis-tall Fescuementioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-quality factors associated with alkaloids in eastern temperate pasture

Thompson¹,

Stuedemann²,

Hill³

2001

REM

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“…The chemical nature of ergotamine and dihydroergotamine makes it unlikely that they would readily cross the blood-brain barrier (Ziegler, 1990 (Loew et al, 1978). Ergotamine has also been measured in human cerebrospinal fluid after oral administration of a therapeutic dose (Ala-Hurula et al, 1979) although some concern has been expressed about the specificity of the analytical method used in this study .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The antimigraine drugs ergotamine and dihydroergotamine are potent 5‐HT_1C receptor agonists in piglet choroid plexus

Brown

Patch

Kaumann

1991

British J Pharmacology

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1 Fozard & Gray (1989) proposed that migraine is mediated by stimulation of 5-HT1c receptors. We have examined the interaction of two effective anti-migraine agents, ergotamine and dihydroergotamine (DHE), with these receptors. Binding (inhibition of labelling by [3H]-mesulergine) and agonist activity (phosphoinositide hydrolysis) were measured in piglet choroid plexus, a tissue rich in 5-HT1c receptors.2 The pKD for [3H]-mesulergine binding was 8.4. Ergotamine and DHE both inhibited [3H]-mesulergine binding with a pKD of 7.1. This was similar to the potency of m-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) (pKD 7.4) and rather less than that of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) (pKD 8.1).3 Both ergotamine and DHE were full agonists (pEC50s 7.5 and 7.6 respectively) with potencies similar to that of 5-HT (pEC50 7.7) and greater than that of m-CPP (pEC50 7.1). Mesulergine 1i-7M produced near-parallel rightward shifts of the concentration-response curves for all these agents of 1.8-2.2 log units, consistent with an action of the agonists at the same receptor. 4 There was no effect of prazosin, spiperone, mepyramine or atropine on the phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by ergotamine, ruling out an action via ocl-adrenoceptors, 5-HT2, histamine H1, or muscarinic receptors.5 It is concluded that, together with 5-HT, ergotamine and DHE are the most potent 5-HT1c agonists reported so far. These findings do not support the theory that 5-HT1c receptor activation causes migraine.

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“…Most biochemical investigations undertaken to explain the mechanism of DHETX action were concerned with the metabolism of bio genic amines and the related cyclic AMP system (14,16). However, the mechanism of DHETX action on the central nervous system is still obscure; single or repeated doses of the drug have no influence on the energy metabolites and related enzymes in the normal brain (7,8,17,18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These last years, clinical and experimental evidence has accumulated indicating that some ergot alkaloids possess central effects which may be used for specific therapeutic purposes (14). Clinical studies with dihydroergotoxine (DHETX); Redergin® have demonstrated an improvement of behavioral symptoms in geri atric patients suffering from cerebrovascular insufficiency with concomitant changes in the electroencephalograms of the treated pa tients (21).…”

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Catecholamine Turnover in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Caudate following Repeated Treatment with Dihydroergotoxine

Cvejić¹,

Mršulja²

1981

Gerontology

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The turnover rate of catecholamine in the cerebral cortex and caudate of adult Wistar rats was estimated after inhibition of synthesis by means of α-methyl-p-tyrosine in animals treated with dihydroergotoxine (1 mg/kg body weight daily) for 1, 3 and 10 days. Following single as well as repeated treatments with the drug, blockade of norepinephrine receptors, as indicated by the increased catecholamine turnover rate, was found in both brain structures. The turnover rate of dopamine was changed only after repeated treatments; it was decreased in the cortex and increased in the caudate, indicating both agonistic and antagonistic effects of dihydroergotoxine on dopamine receptors.

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Effects on the Central Nervous System

Cited by 35 publications

References 306 publications

Anti-quality factors associated with alkaloids in eastern temperate pasture

Anti-quality factors associated with alkaloids in eastern temperate pasture

The antimigraine drugs ergotamine and dihydroergotamine are potent 5‐HT_1C receptor agonists in piglet choroid plexus

Catecholamine Turnover in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Caudate following Repeated Treatment with Dihydroergotoxine

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Effects on the Central Nervous System

Cited by 35 publications

References 306 publications

Anti-quality factors associated with alkaloids in eastern temperate pasture

Anti-quality factors associated with alkaloids in eastern temperate pasture

The antimigraine drugs ergotamine and dihydroergotamine are potent 5‐HT1C receptor agonists in piglet choroid plexus

Catecholamine Turnover in Rat Cerebral Cortex and Caudate following Repeated Treatment with Dihydroergotoxine

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The antimigraine drugs ergotamine and dihydroergotamine are potent 5‐HT_1C receptor agonists in piglet choroid plexus