Effects on the brain of a psychological treatment: Cognitive remediation therapy

Wykes, Til; Brammer, Michael; Mellers, John D. C.; Bray, Peter; Reeder, Clare; Williams, Clare; Corner, Julia

doi:10.1017/s0007125000161872

Cited by 167 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Similar to other neuropsychiatric functions, there is not much information on the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the improvement of cognitive flexibility, and all relevant studies are into specific phobias and schizophrenia. In the current study blood flow and metabolism in anteriorlateral parts, which are both involved in cognitive flexibility, were improved during psychotherapy [31][32][33]. However, this is inconsistent with previous research, which is due to the differences in samples, damaging effect of substance abuse on brain structure, and therapy techniques.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Fast Effects of Cognitive Restructuring Training on Neurocognitive Functions in Opioid Addicts

Tavakolian¹,

Abolghasemi²

2016

Arch Psych Psych

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SummaryAim: To investigate the effect of cognitive restructuring training on neurocognitive functions related to the prefrontal cortex in opioid addicts and its relationship to relapse prevention. Method:Thirty opioid addicts who completed a 21-day detoxification program were randomly placed in experimental and control groups. Before and after the training, the subjects underwent urinalysis and were tested on the Addiction-Stroop Task, Iowa Gambling Task, Wisconsin Card Sorting test and Emotion Recognition Scale.Results: Decision-making and emotion recognition were improved after the training course, but no significant difference was observed in attention bias, cognitive flexibility and relapse. Conclusions:Cognitive restructuring training and improvement of some neuropsychological functions are not enough to prevent relapse, and attention bias and cognitive flexibility should be adjusted.cognitive restructuring/neurocognitive function/addiction/relapse

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 96%

Fast Effects of Cognitive Restructuring Training on Neurocognitive Functions in Opioid Addicts

Tavakolian¹,

Abolghasemi²

2016

Arch Psych Psych

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“…This work expanded on previous research showing fMRI changes following cognitive training (Wexler et al, 2000;Wykes et al, 2002) by introducing group-level analysis and showing stimulus-general yet training-specific effects. The anterior cingulate and dorsal/dorsolateral prefrontal cortices are involved in working memory maintenance and cognitive control processes and have reduced activity in patients with schizophrenia (Barch et al, 2002;Carter et al, 2001;MacDonald et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Wexler et al (2000) presented preliminary evidence for a patient who showed normalization of function in the left inferior frontal cortex, a region of the brain involved in cognitive functions addressed by that training. Increases in activation in frontal and visual areas were also found in a subset of patients who showed the greatest behavioral improvement (Wykes et al, 2002). While these studies led the way in showing the possibility of concomitant changes in brain activity with training, they could not rule-out the possibility that they occurred only in selected patients, or that they reflected increased motivation or allegiance effects (increased desire to comply with task demands to assist in the experiment) as no active control groups were considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Prefrontal Cortical Changes Following Cognitive Training in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia: Effects of Practice, Generalization, and Specificity

Haut

Lim

MacDonald

2010

Neuropsychopharmacol

152

120

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Cognitive training is increasingly used in the treatment of schizophrenia, but it remains unknown how this training affects functional neuroanatomy. Practice on specific cognitive tasks generally leads to automaticity and decreased prefrontal cortical activity, yet broadbased cognitive training programs may avoid automaticity and increase prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity. This study used quasirandomized, placebo-control design and pre/post neuroimaging to examine functional plasticity associated with attention and working memory-focused cognitive training in patients with schizophrenia. Twenty-one participants with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder split into two demographically and performance matched groups (nine scanned per group) and nine control participants were tested 6-8 weeks apart. Compared with both patient controls and healthy controls, patients receiving cognitive training increased activation significantly more in attention and working memory networks, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate and frontopolar cortex. The extent to which activity increased in a subset of these regions predicted performance improvements. Although this study was not designed to speak to the efficacy of cognitive training as a treatment, it is the first study to show that such training can increase the ability of patients to activate the PFC regions subserving attention and working memory.

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“…For example, using fMRI, Wykes et al (2002) demonstrated that individuals with schizophrenia who completed cognitive remediation therapy showed increased activation in the frontocortical region associated with working memory. Biological measures of neurocognition may also prove useful as short-or intermediate-term outcome variables if they are found to be linked to ecologically important aspects of functioning.…”

Section: Cognitive Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating outcomes of rehabilitation for severe mental illness.

Iyer¹,

Rothmann²,

Vogler³

et al. 2005

Rehabilitation Psychology

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Improving the quality of life of individuals with severe mental illness has been the focus of considerable research. With advances in treatments for severe mental illness, particularly in psychiatric rehabilitation, evaluating outcomes has become increasingly important. Given the complex and multidimensional nature of severe mental illness, outcome evaluation of psychiatric rehabilitation is particularly difficult. This article addresses issues in evaluating psychiatric rehabilitation outcomes, including key outcome domains, selection of methods and measures, and meaningful use of results. Continuing conceptual and methodological issues are discussed. Also, future directions are explored, including evaluating multidimensional treatment effects and interactions and building an integrated understanding of all of the outcomes involved in psychiatric rehabilitation. 1 The term psychiatric rehabilitation may be confused with psychosocial rehabilitation, and the two are sometimes used interchangeably. In practice, both are sometimes used as a contraction of biopsychosocial rehabilitation. However, psychosocial rehabilitation sometimes specifically refers to a particular type of program, associated with specific prototypes, such as Fountain House in New York and Thresholds in Chicago (McEvoy, Scheifler, & Frances, 1999).

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Effects on the brain of a psychological treatment: Cognitive remediation therapy

Abstract: This is the first time that brain activation changes in a seriously disabled group of patients with schizophrenia can be associated clearly with psychological rather than pharmacological therapy.

Cited by 167 publications

References 23 publications

Fast Effects of Cognitive Restructuring Training on Neurocognitive Functions in Opioid Addicts

Fast Effects of Cognitive Restructuring Training on Neurocognitive Functions in Opioid Addicts

Prefrontal Cortical Changes Following Cognitive Training in Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia: Effects of Practice, Generalization, and Specificity

Evaluating outcomes of rehabilitation for severe mental illness.

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