Effects on orientation perception of manipulating the spatio–temporal prior probability of stimuli

Guo, Kun; Nevado, Ángel; Robertson, R. G. H.; Pulgarin, Maribel; Thiele, Alexander; Young, Malcolm P.

doi:10.1016/j.visres.2004.04.014

Cited by 32 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Bayesian frameworks have been used to explain motion perception biases (37,38), biases around cardinal orientations (39) and tilt perception biases (40). An ecological basis of these biases is thought to come from long-term and evolutionary exposure to environmental statistics (37,39), although stimuli seen a few seconds earlier can also bias our judgment of orientation perception (41,42). Thus, perceptual biases are thought to be specific to the particular statistics of the sensory quality that is being inferred.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptable history biases in human perceptual decisions

Abrahamyan

Silva

Dakin

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

237

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When making choices under conditions of perceptual uncertainty, past experience can play a vital role. However, it can also lead to biases that worsen decisions. Consistent with previous observations, we found that human choices are influenced by the success or failure of past choices even in a standard two-alternative detection task, where choice history is irrelevant. The typical bias was one that made the subject switch choices after a failure. These choice history biases led to poorer performance and were similar for observers in different countries. They were well captured by a simple logistic regression model that had been previously applied to describe psychophysical performance in mice. Such irrational biases seem at odds with the principles of reinforcement learning, which would predict exquisite adaptability to choice history. We therefore asked whether subjects could adapt their irrational biases following changes in trial order statistics. Adaptability was strong in the direction that confirmed a subject’s default biases, but weaker in the opposite direction, so that existing biases could not be eradicated. We conclude that humans can adapt choice history biases, but cannot easily overcome existing biases even if irrational in the current context: adaptation is more sensitive to confirmatory than contradictory statistics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptable history biases in human perceptual decisions

Abrahamyan

Silva

Dakin

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

179

237

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Inferential model of visual processing suggests a contrasting view of the function of V1 neurons (Knill and Richards, 1996;Young, 2000;Friston, 2002;Guo et al, 2004b). In this model, visual neurons should have access, through their embedding neural network, to information about the distribution of prior probabilities of stimuli (Lee, 1995;Young, 2000), and the output of a neuron critically depends on the interaction between the likelihood function (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary visual cortex neurons that contribute to resolve the aperture problem

et al. 2006

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Abstract-It is traditional to believe that neurons in primary visual cortex are sensitive only or principally to stimulation within a spatially restricted receptive field (classical receptive field). It follows from this that they should only be capable of encoding the direction of stimulus movement orthogonal to the local contour, since this is the only information available in their classical receptive field "aperture." This direction is not necessarily the same as the motion of the entire object, as the direction cue within an aperture is ambiguous to the global direction of motion, which can only be derived by integrating with unambiguous components of the object. Recent results, however, show that primary visual cortex neurons can integrate spatially and temporally distributed cues outside the classical receptive field, and so we reexamined whether primary visual cortex neurons suffer the "aperture problem." With the stimulation of an optimally oriented bar drifting across the classical receptive field in different global directions, here we show that a subpopulation of primary visual cortex neurons (25/81) recorded from anesthetized and paralyzed marmosets is capable of integrating informative unambiguous direction cues presented by the bar ends, well outside their classical receptive fields, to encode global motion direction. Although the stimuli within the classical receptive field were identical, their directional responses were significantly modulated according to the global direction of stimulus movement. Hence, some primary visual cortex neurons are not local motion energy filters, but may encode signals that contribute directly to global motion processing.

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“…The a priori expectation in Bayesian models is often viewed as a fixed internal tendency that is due to general features in the world, e.g., that slow velocities are more likely to occur than fast ones (Weiss et al, 2002;Stocker and Simoncelli, 2006). Several studies, however, have shown that the a priori estimate can be modulated by short-term experience (Adams et al, 2004;Körding et al, 2004;Miyazaki et al, 2005) and its mean and variance could be learned during the experiment (Guo et al, 2004;Körding and Wolpert, 2004a;Berniker et al, 2010). Jazayeri and Shadlen (2010), for instance, assumed an experience-dependent prior expectation that was modeled as a continuous and fixed distribution, centered around the mean of the sample distribution.…”

Section: Dynamic Prior Knowledge Adapts To the Range Of Stimuli Presementioning

confidence: 99%

Iterative Bayesian Estimation as an Explanation for Range and Regression Effects: A Study on Human Path Integration

Petzschner

Glasauer²

2011

J. Neurosci.

170

256

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Systematic errors in human path integration were previously associated with processing deficits in the integration of space and time. In the present work, we hypothesized that these errors are de facto the result of a system that aims to optimize its performance by incorporating knowledge about prior experience into the current estimate of displacement. We tested human linear and angular displacement estimation behavior in a production-reproduction task under three different prior experience conditions where samples were drawn from different overlapping sample distributions. We found that (1) behavior was biased toward the center of the underlying sample distribution, (2) the amount of bias increased with increasing sample range, and (3) the standard deviation for all conditions was linearly dependent on the mean reproduced displacements. We propose a model of Bayesian estimation on logarithmic scales that explains the observed behavior by optimal fusion of an experience-dependent prior expectation with the current noisy displacement measurement. The iterative update of prior experience is modeled by the formulation of a discrete Kalman filter. The model provides a direct link between Weber-Fechner and Stevens' power law, providing a mechanistic explanation for universal psychophysical effects in human magnitude estimation such as the regression to the mean and the range effect.

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Effects on orientation perception of manipulating the spatio–temporal prior probability of stimuli

Cited by 32 publications

References 41 publications

Adaptable history biases in human perceptual decisions

Adaptable history biases in human perceptual decisions

Primary visual cortex neurons that contribute to resolve the aperture problem

Iterative Bayesian Estimation as an Explanation for Range and Regression Effects: A Study on Human Path Integration

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