Effects on haemodynamics and catecholamine release of xenon anaesthesia compared with total i.v. anaesthesia in the pig.

Abstract

In order to investigate haemodynamic response and catecholamine release during anaesthesia with xenon, we conducted a study on 28 pigs which were allocated randomly to one of four groups: total i.v. anaesthesia with pentobarbitone and buprenorphine, and xenon anaesthesia with inspiratory concentrations of 30%, 50% or 70%, respectively, supplemented with pentobarbitone. Haemodynamic variables were measured using arterial and Swan Ganz catheters. Depth of anaesthesia was monitored using spectral edge frequency analysis. Plasma concentrations of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. All haemodynamic variables and plasma concentrations of dopamine and noradrenaline remained within normal limits. Adrenaline concentrations were reduced significantly in all groups. Xenon anaesthesia was associated with a high degree of cardiovascular stability. Significant reduction in adrenaline concentrations at inspiratory xenon concentrations of 30% and 50% can be explained by analgesic effects of xenon below its MAC value.

Cooling Combined with Immediate or Delayed Xenon Inhalation Provides Equivalent Long-Term Neuroprotection after Neonatal Hypoxia—Ischemia

“…Xenon is also attractive in this role because of its lack of chemical reactivity and lack of clinical side effects (Dingley et al, 2001;Marx et al, 1997;Preckel et al, 2004;Rossaint et al, 2003), rapid reversibility, and lack of fetotoxicity (Burov et al, 2002;Lane et al, 1980). A radioisotope of Xe (Xe 133 ) has been used in neonates by injecting Xe 133 dissolved in 1 ml of water and counting the distribution of radioactivity as a measure of blood flow.…”

Xenon and Hypothermia Combine Additively, Offering Long-Term Functional and Histopathologic Neuroprotection After Neonatal Hypoxia/Ischemia

“…Xenon, a noble gas with anesthetic properties, has shown great promise as a neuroprotectant in both in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. 14 -20 It is attractive as a combination therapy with hypothermia owing to its lack of chemical reactivity, lack of clinical side effects, [21][22][23][24] previous use in neonates, 25 rapid reversibility, and lack of fetotoxicity. 26,27 Furthermore, xenon was approved as an anesthetic drug in Russia in 2002, 28 in Germany in 2005, and extended through Europe in March 2007.…”

Hemodynamic Effects of Xenon Anesthesia in Children

“…1 demonstrates that HR decreased from 105±16 bpm at stage 1 down to 93±18 bpm at stage 2 without any statistically significant difference. The tendency to HR decrease during Xe anesthesia in adult patients is associated with parasympathetic system's activation with xenon along with decrease in activity of the sympathetic system; in literature, this is defined as sympatholytic action of Xe [7,8].…”

“…Hemodynamic properties of xenon are of doubtless interest: it does not directly affect myocardial contractility, vascular tone, maintains mean arterial pressure and left ventricular ejection fraction [5][6][7][8]. This favorably sets xenon apart from other known anesthetics and makes its use both in general surgery and cardiosurgery and in the event of emergency conditions requiring intensive therapy justified [9][10][11][12].…”