Effects on Growth of Simulated and Induced Shoot Pruning by Tomicus piniperda as Related to Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Dynamics in Scots Pine

Ericsson, Anders; Hellqvist, Claes; Långström, Bo; Larsson, Stig; Tenow, Olle

doi:10.2307/2403331

Cited by 89 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The stored unbarked wood of P. sylvestris is a breeding site of T. piniperda and the lesser pine shoot beetle Tomicus minor Hart. After emerging, the beetles of both species migrate to adjacent forests, where they feed on the shoots of healthy pines causing A. Borkowski Department of Ecology and Environment Protection, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, Swietokrzyska 15 Str., 25-406 Kielce, Poland disturbances in crown development and, consequently, significant losses in volume increment (Ericsson et al 1985;Hellqvist 1990, 1991;Czokajlo et al 1997;Borkowski 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological segregation of bark beetle (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) infested Scots pine

Borkowski

Skrzecz

2015

Ecological Research

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Bark beetles infest several pine tree species, often creating major economic losses. Biotic interactions between Scolytinae populations inhabiting Pinus sylvestris were analyzed using a new sampling method involving a two dimensional division of tree space resources into units and sections. The goal was to evaluate the effects of the type of available reproduction material on insect infestation. The P. sylvestris stands in this study included an analysis of bark beetles colonizing dead trees and uninfested living trees (trap trees). Analyzed trees were harvested and their stems divided into ten equal units; each unit was halved into two sections (half of the stem circumference). The colonization of dead trees by insects was evaluated immediately after cutting for infested trees and 2 months after cutting for trap trees. The type of breeding material significantly affected the species composition of bark beetles infesting P. sylvestris. The dead trees were colonized mostly by Trypodendron lineatum and Tomicus minor, and to a lesser extent by Tomicus piniperda, which dominated in trap trees. Tomicus piniperda and T. lineatum preferred thicker stems; however, T. minor, Hylurgops palliatus and Pityogenes bidentatus preferred thinner ones. The application of the new sampling method helped to increase the accuracy of niche segregation among insect species. The results of niche segregation indicate bark beetles exhibited spatial specialization in the use of resources, mainly related to the moisture content of breeding material and the availability of food resources which is the main factor determining the coexistence of bark beetles in the same environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological segregation of bark beetle (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) infested Scots pine

Borkowski

Skrzecz

2015

Ecological Research

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“…In conifers, N is stored duritig tbe winter in needles and remobilized in tbe spring duritig tbe growtb of new foliage, as sbowti by N budget studies (Turner, 1977;Ericsson et al, 1985, Nambiar & Fife, 1987Heltnisaari, 1992a, b) and tbe use of ""N to quantify internal cycling directly (Millat-d & Pioe, 1992), Nitrogen budget studies bave sbowti tbat enbanced site fertility increases tbe capacity for ititertial cycling (Miller et al, 1979), tbrougb increasing needle mass atid so tbe capacity for N storage (Nambiar & Eife, 1987;Heltnisaari, 1992«), Eew studies bave considered tbe impact of nutrient supply oti tbe efficieticy of tbe processes of internal cyclitig. We found tbat tbe spring N supply bas tio * To whom correspondence should be addressed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen uptake, partitioning and internal cycling in Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. as influenced by nitrogen supply

Millard¹,

Proe²

1993

New Phytologist

114

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SUMMARYFour-year-old seedlings ol Ptcea sttclteiisis (Bong,) Carr, were grown in sand culture throughout 1989 and irrigated witb nutrient solutions containing either 1-0 mol N m^'' (Low N) or 6-0 mol N m"'' (High N), to precondition their growth and capacity for N storage. During 1990 N enriched with '^N was stipplied, either from 15 March to 27 June, or 28 June to 20 November, Recovery of unlabelled N was used to determine the storage and remobilization of N for foliage growth, and the partitioning of labelled N taken up during the two periods was tneasured.Initial growtb of trees in 1990 was unaffected by the current N supply and detertiiined only by the N supplied the previous year. High N throughout increased the number of needles grown in 1990 compared to low N-treated trees, but bad little effect on the dry weight of individual needles. When preconditioned with High N, trees responded to Low N in 1990 by a reduction in needle dry weight, without altering the number of needles produced. Low N trees supplied with High N in 1990 responded by increasing both needle tiumbers and dry weigbt, compared with trees supplied with Low N throughout, Tbe amount of unlabelled N remobilized to foliage growtb in 1990 was unaffected by the current N supply but t-eflected the atnount of N iti store, as determined by tbe N supply the previous year. The majority of N was remobilized from the 1989 foliage and none from roots. Partitioning ot labelled N taken up during 1990 altered during the year, with a greater proportion of N taken up after 28 June recovered in the roots in all treatments, due to root growth as opposed to allocation of N to storage during the autumn, since root N concentrations fell betw-een 17 June and the final har\-est on 20 November.

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“…In other studies on the defoliation of conifers, the foliar N concentration for instance has increased (Piene 1980, Piene and Percy 1984, Ericsson et al 1985, Långström et al 1990, McMillin and Wagner 1997, decreased (Wagner 1986, Raffa et al 1998, Handa et al 2005, Asshoff & Hättenschwiler 2006, first increased and then decreased (Oksbjerg 1962, Piene 1980 or remained unchanged (Lyytikäinen 1993a, Reich et al 1993. There are many possible reasons for the discrepancies between these studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

Nuorteva¹

2008

Diss. For.

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A wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, operating over different time perspectives and intensities, cause defoliation and a rapid decrease in the crown size of trees. Scleroderris canker disease [Gremmeniella abietina (Lagerb.) Morelet] has caused widespread crown reduction and tree mortality in Scots pine in forests in Scandinavia during the last three decades. In the 1980's, attempts were made to show, on the basis of the higher foliar N and S concentrations of affected pines in the diseased area, that sulphur and nitrogen deposition predispose trees to G. abietina. Unfortunately, in many studies on defoliated trees, exceptionally high or low needle mineral nutrient concentrations are still often interpreted as one of the causes of tree injury and not, conversely, as the result. In this thesis, three different field experiments, with foliar analysis as the main study method, were conducted in order to asses the possible long-term effects of living crown reduction on the needle nutrient concentrations of Scots pine trees in southern Finland. The crown ratio and length of the living crown were used to estimate the amount of defoliation in the reduced canopies. The material for the partial studies was collected and a total of 968 foliar samples were analysed individually (15-17 elements/sample) on a total of 488 sample trees (140 diseased, 116 pruned and 232 control trees) during the years 1987-1996 in 13 Scots pine stands.All the three experiments of this thesis provided significant evidence that severe disease-induced defoliation or artificial pruning of the living branches can induce longlasting nutritional changes in the foliage of the recovering trees under the typical growing conditions for Scots pine.The foliar concentrations of all the 17 mineral nutrients/elements analysed were affected, to a varying degree, by artificial pruning during the following three years. Although Scots pine, as an evergreen conifer, is considered to have low induced chemical responses to defoliation, this study proved experimentally under natural forest conditions that severe artificial pruning or disease-induced defoliation of Scots pine trees may induce biologically significant changes in the concentrations of most of the important macro-and micronutrients, as well as of carbon, in refoliated needles.

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Effects on Growth of Simulated and Induced Shoot Pruning by Tomicus piniperda as Related to Carbohydrate and Nitrogen Dynamics in Scots Pine

Cited by 89 publications

References 22 publications

Ecological segregation of bark beetle (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) infested Scots pine

Ecological segregation of bark beetle (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) infested Scots pine

Nitrogen uptake, partitioning and internal cycling in Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. as influenced by nitrogen supply

Effects of living crown reduction on needle element status of Scots pine

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