Effects on delayed-response performance of lesions of dorsolateral and ventromedial frontal cortex of baboons.

Kh, Pribram; Mishkin, Mortimer; He, Rosvold; Sj, Kaplan

doi:10.1037/h0061240

Cited by 126 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…First, neurons in both regions sustain their activity across short, multi-second memory delays [44][45][46][47][48]. This 'working memory' property is crucial for goal-directed behaviour, which, unlike 'ballistic' reflexes, typically extends over time and allows associations to be formed between items that are not simultaneously present.…”

Section: Using Learned Associations In Prefrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goal-direction and top-down control

Buschman

Miller

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

106

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We review the neural mechanisms that support top-down control of behaviour and suggest that goal-directed behaviour uses two systems that work in concert. A basal ganglia-centred system quickly learns simple, fixed goal-directed behaviours while a prefrontal cortex-centred system gradually learns more complex (abstract or long-term) goal-directed behaviours. Interactions between these two systems allow top-down control mechanisms to learn how to direct behaviour towards a goal but also how to guide behaviour when faced with a novel situation.

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Section: Using Learned Associations In Prefrontal Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Goal-direction and top-down control

Buschman

Miller

2014

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

106

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“…In apes, including baboons, the prefrontal cortex is involved in associative learning, response inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and social behavior [Pribram et al, 1952;Diamond and Goldman-Rakic, 1989;Scalaidhe et al, 1997; see also Perecman, 1987 for reviews].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Volumetric Analysis of the Prefrontal Cortex in Human and Baboon MRI

McBride¹,

Arnold²,

Gur³

1999

Brain Behav Evol

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The proportion of prefrontal cortex in humans was compared to the proportion of prefrontal cortex in baboons (Papio anubis). Prefrontal cortex, dorsal prefrontal, orbital prefrontal cortex and total brain volumes were determined from magnetic resonance images of 20 healthy adult human females and 5 adult female baboons. Results showed that the proportion of prefrontal cortex volume relative to total brain volume in humans was significantly larger in humans than in baboons. The percentage of prefrontal cortex relative to total brain volume was 12.51 for humans and 10.68 for baboons. Similarly, the proportion of both dorsal and orbital prefrontal cortex volumes is larger in human brains. Relative to total brain volume, the percentages of dorsal and orbital prefrontal cortex was 8.22% and 4.29% respectively in humans and 7.21% and 3.47% in baboons. A regression analysis showed that the human prefrontal cortex was larger than would be predicted for a baboon of equal total brain volume. These results suggest that increased prefrontal lobe volume could underlie some of the differences between human and hominoid primates. On the other hand, the small magnitude of the difference might underlie similarities between the species and should encourage a search for other structures that are disproportionately larger in humans.

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“…spectrotemporal receptive field | perception | grouping A s we interact with a world in flux, our brains adjust their responses to sensory stimuli, allowing us to meet changing behavioral demands (1,2). Numerous studies have shown that attention contributes to this process by selectively modulating neural activity in brain areas that process sensory information, improving stimulus discriminability for grouping into task-relevant categories (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13).…”

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confidence: 99%

Task reward structure shapes rapid receptive field plasticity in auditory cortex

David

Fritz

Shamma

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

259

231

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As sensory stimuli and behavioral demands change, the attentive brain quickly identifies task-relevant stimuli and associates them with appropriate motor responses. The effects of attention on sensory processing vary across task paradigms, suggesting that the brain may use multiple strategies and mechanisms to highlight attended stimuli and link them to motor action. To better understand factors that contribute to these variable effects, we studied sensory representations in primary auditory cortex (A1) during two instrumental tasks that shared the same auditory discrimination but required different behavioral responses, either approach or avoidance. In the approach task, ferrets were rewarded for licking a spout when they heard a target tone amid a sequence of reference noise sounds. In the avoidance task, they were punished unless they inhibited licking to the target. To explore how these changes in task reward structure influenced attentiondriven rapid plasticity in A1, we measured changes in sensory neural responses during behavior. Responses to the target changed selectively during both tasks but did so with opposite sign. Despite the differences in sign, both effects were consistent with a general neural coding strategy that maximizes discriminability between sound classes. The dependence of the direction of plasticity on task suggests that representations in A1 change not only to sharpen representations of task-relevant stimuli but also to amplify responses to stimuli that signal aversive outcomes and lead to behavioral inhibition. Thus, top-down control of sensory processing can be shaped by task reward structure in addition to the required sensory discrimination.spectrotemporal receptive field | perception | grouping A s we interact with a world in flux, our brains adjust their responses to sensory stimuli, allowing us to meet changing behavioral demands (1, 2). Numerous studies have shown that attention contributes to this process by selectively modulating neural activity in brain areas that process sensory information, improving stimulus discriminability for grouping into task-relevant categories (3-13). However, the effects observed across behavioral paradigms are diverse, including changes in gain (4,5,7,14), selectivity (8,11,15,16), and functional connectivity (12), suggesting that the brain may use many possible strategies and mechanisms to highlight relevant stimuli and produce appropriate sensorimotor transformations. The specific effects of attention and other learned behaviors on representations, therefore, may depend not only on the required sensory grouping but also on a host of control signals reflecting task structure (17), motor responses (18, 19), associated reward (20), difficulty (21,22), and timing of decisions (23).To directly explore the influence of task structure on sensory representations, we recorded the activity of single neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) during two different instrumental behaviors that required discrimination between the same two acoustic categories, pu...

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Effects on delayed-response performance of lesions of dorsolateral and ventromedial frontal cortex of baboons.

Cited by 126 publications

References 18 publications

Goal-direction and top-down control

Goal-direction and top-down control

A Comparative Volumetric Analysis of the Prefrontal Cortex in Human and Baboon MRI

Task reward structure shapes rapid receptive field plasticity in auditory cortex

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