Effects on airways of short-term exposure to two kinds of wood smoke in a chamber study of healthy humans

Stockfelt, Leo; Sällsten, Gerd; Olin, Anna‐Carin; Almerud, Pernilla; Samuelsson, Lena; Johannesson, Sandra; Molnár, Péter; Strandberg, Bo; Almstrand, Ann-Charlotte; Bergemalm-Rynell, Kerstin; Barregård, Lars

doi:10.3109/08958378.2011.633281

Cited by 63 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…Toxicological effects related to human health Human controlled exposure studies report that short-term inhalation of woodsmoke induces mild inflammatory effects including distal airway inflammation, increased oxidative stress and immune cell recruitment, but no effects on measures of lung function [98][99][100][101][102][103]. Studies also report systemic effects such as increased levels of coagulation markers, and decreased heart rate variability and systemic inflammation [100,[104][105][106][107].…”

Section: Toxicity Of Woodsmoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This ambiguity could partly be due to the great heterogeneity in experimental set-ups, fuel type, biomass exposure generation and physicochemical properties of PM. Interestingly, the two studies reporting significant effects for either respiratory or cardiovascular end-points applied biomass PM originating from flaming combustion of wood logs in conventional stoves, rendering emissions of soot and organics [98,99,104,105]. Other studies applied PM from more complete or more incomplete (smouldering) combustion conditions.…”

Section: Toxicity Of Woodsmoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health impacts of anthropogenic biomass burning in the developed world

Sigsgaard¹,

et al. 2015

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Climate change policies have stimulated a shift towards renewable energy sources such as biomass. The economic crisis of 2008 has also increased the practice of household biomass burning as it is often cheaper than using oil, gas or electricity for heating. As a result, household biomass combustion is becoming an important source of air pollutants in the European Union.This position paper discusses the contribution of biomass combustion to pollution levels in Europe, and the emerging evidence on the adverse health effects of biomass combustion products.Epidemiological studies in the developed world have documented associations between indoor and outdoor exposure to biomass combustion products and a range of adverse health effects. A conservative estimate of the current contribution of biomass smoke to premature mortality in Europe amounts to at least 40 000 deaths per year.We conclude that emissions from current biomass combustion products negatively affect respiratory and, possibly, cardiovascular health in Europe. Biomass combustion emissions, in contrast to emissions from most other sources of air pollution, are increasing. More needs to be done to further document the health effects of biomass combustion in Europe, and to reduce emissions of harmful biomass combustion products to protect public health. @ERSpublications Biomass combustion is an important source of air pollution and ill health in the EU: emissions need to reduce http://ow.ly/RYkPk

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Section: Toxicity Of Woodsmoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicity Of Woodsmoke Particlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health impacts of anthropogenic biomass burning in the developed world

Sigsgaard¹,

et al. 2015

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“…(12) Recent controlled human wood smoke exposure studies have provided additional insights into the airway oxidative, inflammatory and systemic effects. (13)(14)(15)(16) Since the combustion conditions for biomass burning can vary substantially in terms of fuel type, air supply, temperature, and category of stoves and boilers, the physico-chemical characteristics of the wood smoke PM also show large differences. (17) Not surprisingly, systematic research with in vitro models performed by various research groups has resulted in considerably different toxicological capacity and mechanisms for biomass combustion PM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory Tract Deposition of Inhaled Wood Smoke Particles in Healthy Volunteers

Muala

Nicklasson

Boman

et al. 2015

Journal of Aerosol Medicine and Pulmonary Drug Delivery

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The DF of the investigated sooty wood smoke particles was higher than for previously investigated particles generated during more efficient combustion of biomass. Together with toxicological studies, which have indicated that incomplete biomass combustion particles rich in soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are especially harmful, these data highlight the health risks of inadequate wood combustion.

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“…When effects of total PM with organic extracts of the PM and washed particles were compared, the response induced by the organic fraction was not linked to the content of PAHs, suggesting that other organic components (e.g., quinone-like compounds) were involved . Studies that examined effects of combustion cycle phase have shown differences in response at the startup versus the burn-out phase (Stockfelt et al, 2012); there are differences in the organic chemical makeup between these two phases.…”

Section: Toxicology Of Wood Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

Grahame

Klemm

Schlesinger

2014

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

250

157

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In 2012, the WHO classified diesel emissions as carcinogenic, and its European branch suggested creating a public health standard for airborne black carbon (BC). In 2011, EU researchers found that life expectancy could be extended four to nine times by reducing a unit of BC, vs reducing a unit of PM 2.5. Only recently could such determinations be made. Steady improvements in research methodologies now enable such judgments.In this Critical Review, we survey epidemiological and toxicological literature regarding carbonaceous combustion emissions, as research methodologies improved over time. Initially, we focus on studies of BC, diesel, and traffic emissions in the Western countries (where daily urban BC emissions are mainly from diesels). We examine effects of other carbonaceous emissions, e.g., residential burning of biomass and coal without controls, mainly in developing countries.Throughout the 1990s, air pollution epidemiology studies rarely included species not routinely monitored. As additional PM 2.5. chemical species, including carbonaceous species, became more widely available after 1999, they were gradually included in epidemiological studies. Pollutant species concentrations which more accurately reflected subject exposure also improved models.Natural "interventions" -reductions in emissions concurrent with fuel changes or increased combustion efficiency; introduction of ventilation in highway tunnels; implementation of electronic toll payment systems -demonstrated health benefits of reducing specific carbon emissions. Toxicology studies provided plausible biological mechanisms by which different PM species, e.g., carbonaceous species, may cause harm, aiding interpretation of epidemiological studies.Our review finds that BC from various sources appears to be causally involved in all-cause, lung cancer, and cardiovascular mortality, morbidity, and perhaps adverse birth and nervous system effects. We recommend that the U.S. EPA rubric for judging possible causality of PM 2.5. mass concentrations, be used to assess which PM 2.5. species are most harmful to public health. Implications: Black carbon (BC) and correlated co-emissions appear causally related with all-cause, cardiovascular, and lung cancer mortality, and perhaps with adverse birth outcomes and central nervous system effects. Such findings are recent, since widespread monitoring for BC is also recent. Helpful epidemiological advances (using many health relevant PM 2.5 species in models; using better measurements of subject exposure) have also occurred. "Natural intervention" studies also demonstrate harm from partly combusted carbonaceous emissions. Toxicology studies consistently find biological mechanisms explaining how such emissions can cause these adverse outcomes. A consistent mechanism for judging causality for different PM 2.5 species is suggested.A list of acronyms will be found at the end of the article. Aims of Critical ReviewThis critical review (CR) consists of three main sections. First, we review recent major regulatory and scien...

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Effects on airways of short-term exposure to two kinds of wood smoke in a chamber study of healthy humans

Cited by 63 publications

References 67 publications

Health impacts of anthropogenic biomass burning in the developed world

Health impacts of anthropogenic biomass burning in the developed world

Respiratory Tract Deposition of Inhaled Wood Smoke Particles in Healthy Volunteers

Public health and components of particulate matter: The changing assessment of black carbon

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