Effects of β-Sitosteryl Sulfate on the Properties of DPPC Liposomes

Abstract

The effect of β-sitosteryl sulfate (PSO 4) on the liposomal size, stability, fluidity, and dispersibility of DPPC liposomes prepared by vortex mixing, bath-sonication, and probe-sonication has been studied. PSO 4 significantly decreases the particle size of the multilamellar liposomes (MLVs). The sizes of the vortexmixed and the bath-sonicated liposomes vary as a function of PSO 4 concentration. On the other hand, PSO 4 has only little effect on the particle sizes of probe sonicated liposomes. In some cases, the liposomal stability at higher PSO 4 concentrations depends on the preparation method. PSO 4 improves the dispersibility of the DPPC liposomes and enhances their hydration. It also increases the fluidity of the liposomes prepared by each method. Our results suggest that liposomes consisting of DPPC and PSO 4 can be suitable as a cosmetic or pharmaceutical ingredient for the effective delivery of the active components into the body.

Phase Transitions and Structural Changes in DPPC Liposomes Induced by a 1-Carba-Alpha-Tocopherol Analogue

“…However, it has been confirmed that the head groups and attached moieties also influence the membrane phase behavior [ 1 ]. Thus, taking into account already presented results [ 8 ] and possible interactions of modified chromanol ring with fatty-acid chains, we applied fluorescent probes embedded in a 1,2-dipalmitoyl- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) liposome as reporters of changes in the biophysical properties of the membrane [ 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

“…Fluorescent dyes due to their various chemical structures and physicochemical properties are widely used to measure the physical properties of membranes [ 16 ]. Fluorophores are located in different regions of the membrane, revealing information regarding chain order, hydration, fluidity, electric potential of the inner part or surface of the membrane, dynamics, and phase transitions [ 14 , 17 ]. Fluorescence anisotropy studies with 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were applied to determine the fluidity of the bilayer [ 18 , 19 ].…”

Phase Behavior of the Bilayers Containing Hydrogenated Soy Lecithin and β-Sitosteryl Sulfate

“…30 Additionally, in combination with a saturated PC, PSO 4 also forms small-sized multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) of higher stabilities. 4,30 Thus, a PC−PSO 4 mixture may be appropriate for preparing cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, the high cost associated with the use of pure, saturated PCs prevents their use in many commercial products.…”

“…Apart from their roles in biological membranes, phospholipids are also used in cosmetic/pharmaceutical formulations and for preparing liposomal drug delivery systems. − Besides that, they are also important in food and confectionary industries. Although pure phospholipids are used for making drug delivery systems, lecithins composed of a mixture of phospholipids can also be a preferable choice for the formulators due to their cost-efficiency .…”

“…In those studies, we found that even small quantities of β-sitosteryl sulfate (PSO 4 ) disorders the PC hydrocarbon chains and converts the membrane into a mixture of sterol-rich and sterol-poor domains. ,, PSO 4 has a significant hydration effect on the membrane . Additionally, in combination with a saturated PC, PSO 4 also forms small-sized multilamellar vesicles (MLVs) of higher stabilities. , Thus, a PC–PSO 4 mixture may be appropriate for preparing cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulations. Furthermore, the high cost associated with the use of pure, saturated PCs prevents their use in many commercial products.…”