Effects of α-linolenic acid-enriched diets on gene expression of key inflammatory mediators in immune and milk cells obtained from Holstein dairy cows

Abstract

Immune system and inflammatory responses are affected by α-linolenic acid (αLA: 18:3 ω-3). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of αLA-enriched rations on gene expression of systemic (blood) and local (mammary gland) inflammatory markers in Holstein dairy cattle. Further, the effect of dietary treatments was evaluated on the concentration of αLA in serum phospholipids. Camelina (Camelina sativa) meal (containing 24.2% αLA) was fed at 0, 3, 6, and 9% (dry matter basis) replacing canola meal (rich in 18:1 ω-9) to provide rations with incremental concentrations of αLA. Lactating primiparous Holstein cows (n = 18) were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Each period lasted 16 d and milk and blood samples were collected during the final 2 d of each period. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and milk cells (MC) were harvested, and RNA extracted and converted to complementary DNA for quantitative real time PCR analysis. The effect of dietary treatments (αLA) on the relative abundance of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes in the PBMC and MC was tested by the MIXED procedure of SAS. Expression of pro-inflammatory tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in MC was linearly reduced (up to 40%) as dietary αLA increased. Expression of pro-inflammatory markers interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, and TNF-α was reduced (29, 20, and 27%, respectively) in PBMC isolated from cows fed 6% camelina meal ration as compared with cows fed 0% (control). Expression of IL-6 was, however, increased with inclusion of camelina meal. Greater dietary αLA linearly increased serum phospholipids αLA contents, and when fed up to 6% DM down-regulated expression of some of the local (milk) and systemic (blood) pro-inflammatory markers in vivo.

Rubber seed oil and flaxseed oil supplementation on serum fatty acid profile, oxidation stability of serum and milk, and immune function of dairy cows

“…Studies have demonstrated that feeding n-3 PUFA can decrease soluble TNF-α production in rodent macrophages as well as in equine and rats blood monocytes [24], which is similar with our results showing that the concentration of TNF-α in serum was decreased in n-3 PUFA enriched-oil feeding dairy cows. These results are also consistent with Rezamand et al [25] who reported that ALA-enriched diets could reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α. Indeed, correlation analysis in the present study found that the content of n-3 PUFA (ALA) was negatively correlated with the concentrations of TNF-α in serum.…”

Metabolomic and Lipidomic Approaches to Evaluate the Effects of Eucommia ulmoides Leaves on Milk Quality and Biochemical Properties

“…Some studies have reported that PUFA plays a key role in modulation of the immune system and inflammatory responses (37). Rezamand et al reported that α-linolenic acidenriched diets down-regulated expression of IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory factors (38). In our study, we found that eicosapentaenoic acid and adrenic acid significantly negatively correlated with inflammatory factors, but 16-hydroxypalmitic significantly positively correlated with inflammatory factors.…”

Metabolomic Profiles of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Stimulated by Lipopolysaccharide

“…Pro-inflammatory and bioactive eicosanoids can be derived from LA 14 . α-LA has been shown an anti-inflammatory effect 15 , studies showed that increasing α-LA in diets can reduce the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α, and the secretion of IL-1 16 . In the present study, there were significant reductions in α-LA and LA in LPS12h ( p < 0.05).…”