Effects of α-ketoglutarate on the growth performance, amino acid metabolism and related gene expression of mirror carp (<i>Cyprinus carpio</i>)

Wang, L.; Wei, Yuliang; Wang, C.; Li, J.; Zhao, Zhigang; Lu, Luo; Du, Xiang; Xu, Qiyou

doi:10.1111/anu.12460

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Dietary AKG supplementation increased FBW and WGR and decreased FCR of Songpu mirror carp significantly, which indicates that AKG could promote the growth performance of Songpu mirror carp. The same results that AKG was documented to have the effect of promoting growth of Songpu mirror carp were confirmed in our previous study (15,42). At present, the mechanism of action of AKG on the physiological effects of Songpu mirror carp is still not well understood.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Evaluation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation on the Improvement of Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Response in Songpu Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Infection With Aeromonas hydrophila

Fan

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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As an intermediate substance of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and a precursor substance of glutamic acid synthesis, the effect of alpha-ketoglutarate on growth and protein synthesis has been extensively studied. However, its prevention and treatment of pathogenic bacteria and its mechanism have not yet been noticed. To evaluate the effects of alpha-ketoglutarate on intestinal antioxidant capacity and immune response of Songpu mirror carp, a total of 360 fish with an average initial weight of 6.54 ± 0.08 g were fed diets containing alpha-ketoglutarate with 1% for 8 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 2 weeks. The results indicated that alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation significantly increased the survival rate of carp after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila (P < 0.05), and the contents of immune digestion enzymes including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase and the concentration of complement C4 were markedly enhanced after alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation (P < 0.05). Also, appropriate alpha-ketoglutarate increased the activities of total antioxidant capacity and catalase and prevented the up-regulation in the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression levels of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were strikingly increased after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila (P < 0.05), while the TLR4 was strikingly decreased with alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation (P < 0.05). Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of tight junctions including claudin-1, claudin-3, claudin-7, claudin-11 and myosin light chain kinases (MLCK) were upregulated after alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation (P < 0.05). In summary, the appropriate alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation could increase survival rate, strengthen the intestinal enzyme immunosuppressive activities, antioxidant capacities and alleviate the intestinal inflammation, thereby promoting the intestinal immune responses and barrier functions of Songpu mirror carp via activating TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and MLCK signaling pathways after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Evaluation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation on the Improvement of Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Response in Songpu Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Infection With Aeromonas hydrophila

Fan

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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“…The common carp ( Cyprinus carpio ) is the most extensively cultured freshwater fish species in China, and the production of common carp was 2,962,218 t in 2018 [ 18 ]. Songpu mirror carp ( Cyprinus specularis Songpu), a variety of common carp, accounts for an increasingly larger proportion of production due to its relatively faster growth, better disease resistance, higher meat conversion rate, and near absence of scales on the body surface [ 19 , 20 ]. However, with the expansion and promotion of high-density farming, increasing feeding frequency and water pollution, the problems of food safety and quality have become increasingly serious.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Bacillus megaterium-Coated Diets on the Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Intestinal Microbial Diversity of Songpu Mirror Carp Cyprinus specularis Songpu

Luo

et al. 2020

BioMed Research International

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The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a Bacillus megaterium-coated diet on growth performance, digestive enzymes, and intestinal microbial diversity in Songpu mirror carp (Cyprinus specularis Songpu). The fish were manually fed two diets (a control diet and a B. megaterium-coated diet) three times daily until apparent satiation for 56 days. Compared with the control group, supplementation with the B. megaterium-coated diet enhanced the fish growth and significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio ( P < 0.05 ). The activities of foregut amylase and lipase in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The activities of foregut, midgut, and hindgut proteases in the treatment group were all higher than those in the control group ( P > 0.05 ). The results of sequencing the 16S rDNA genes of the microbiota through high-throughput sequencing showed that the diversity and abundance of the intestinal microflora increased along with Songpu mirror carp growth. The Songpu mirror carp fed a diet coated with B. megaterium displayed increased proportions of intestinal Bacillus and Lactococcus at the genus level, and both were significantly higher than those of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). These results therefore suggest that dietary B. megaterium application can improve the growth and digestive enzyme activity of Songpu mirror carp and enrich the beneficial genus composition of its main intestinal microflora.

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“…Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a central molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs cycle). It can be rapidly transaminated, by glutamate (Glu) dehydrogenase, to glutamic acid and then further aminated, by glutamine (Gln) synthetase, to form Gln ( Prandini et al, 2012 ; Wang et al, 2016 ). This conversion is well-established ( Wang et al, 2015 ):…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alpha-Ketoglutarate in Low-Protein Diets for Growing Pigs: Effects on Cecal Microbial Communities and Parameters of Microbial Metabolism

et al. 2018

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Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG), a critical molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is beneficial to intestinal functions. However, its influence on intestinal microbiota and metabolism is not fully understood. We investigated the effects of a low-protein (LP) diet supplemented with AKG on cecal microbial communities and the parameters of microbial metabolism in growing pigs. Twenty-seven young pigs (Large White × Landrace) with an average initial body weight of 11.96 ± 0.18 kg were randomly allotted into three groups (n = 9): a normal protein (NP) diet containing 20% crude protein (CP); LP diet formulated with 17% CP (LP diet); or LP diet supplemented with 10 g kg-1 of AKG (ALP diet). After a 35-day trial period, the digesta of the cecum were collected to analyze the concentrations of ammonia and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We also performed a microbial analysis. Although no significant differences were found in performance among the diet groups, pigs fed the ALP diet had greater average daily gain (ADG) when compared with those in the LP group. Experimental diet did not affect cecal bacterial richness or diversity, as determined by Chao1 and ACE species richness measures and Shannon and Simpson indices, respectively. The predominant phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria increased in relative abundances in the cecum of pigs fed ALP diet. At the genus level, compared to the LP diet, the ALP diet significantly increased the abundances of Lachnospiraceae UCG-005, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Phascolarctobacterium and Parabacteroides, while decreased Vibrio and Maritalea. Pigs fed the ALP diet increased Oribacterium and Lachnoclostridium when compared with the NP diet. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that the distribution of microbiota at each group was distinctly clustered separately along principal coordinate. In addition, quantitative PCR revealed that the ALP diet was also associated with increases in the amounts of Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Lactobacillus, but a decrease in the level of Escherichia coli. Compared with the NP diet, the ALP diet enhanced the concentrations of valerate and propionate. This ALP diet also increased the concentrations of valerate and isobutyrate when compared with the LP diet. Moreover, the ALP diet was linked with a significant decline in the concentration of ammonia in the cecum. These results indicate that a LP diet supplemented with AKG can alter the balance in microbial communities, increasing the population of SCFA-producing bacteria and the amounts of Bacteroides and Bifidobacterium, while reducing the counts of Escherichia coli and the amount of ammonia in the cecum.

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Effects of α-ketoglutarate on the growth performance, amino acid metabolism and related gene expression of mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Cited by 14 publications

References 25 publications

Evaluation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation on the Improvement of Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Response in Songpu Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Infection With Aeromonas hydrophila

Evaluation of Alpha-Ketoglutarate Supplementation on the Improvement of Intestinal Antioxidant Capacity and Immune Response in Songpu Mirror Carp (Cyprinus carpio) After Infection With Aeromonas hydrophila

Effect of Bacillus megaterium-Coated Diets on the Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity, and Intestinal Microbial Diversity of Songpu Mirror Carp Cyprinus specularis Songpu

Alpha-Ketoglutarate in Low-Protein Diets for Growing Pigs: Effects on Cecal Microbial Communities and Parameters of Microbial Metabolism

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