Effects of Zymosan on Short-Chain Fatty Acid and Gas Production in in vitro Fermentation Models of the Human Intestinal Microbiota

Abstract

In this study, the effects of zymosan (HG, hydrolyzed glucan) on the structure and metabolism of fecal microbiota in Chinese healthy people was investigated by an in vitro simulated intestinal microecology fermentation model. We found that HG significantly regulated fecal microbiota composition, including the increase of Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella and the decrease of Escherichia-Shigella. Moreover, HG significantly increased the total production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and gases, in which the production of Acetic acid, Propionic acid, CO2, and H2 significantly increased while the production of Isovaleric acid and NH3 significantly decreased. Additionally, the supplement of HG showed certain differences in the regulation of microbiota from four groups. HG significantly increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium and significantly decreased the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella excluding the older men group. Meanwhile, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was significantly increased in young populations. And the relative abundance of Bacteroides was significantly decreased only in the young women. Furthermore, HG significantly increased H2 concentration only in older men. These findings suggest that HG, as a new generation of prebiotics, could regulate the structure of fecal microbiota and its metabolites in a better direction, but when HG participates in precision nutrition formula, it may be necessary to consider the differences in the utilization of different populations.

Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei K56 with galactooligosaccharide synbiotics on obese individuals: an in vitro fermentation model

“…39 The enrichment of CO 2 can cause adverse effects on body health, including directly altering the volume of the intestinal microenvironment or indirectly stimulating intestinal peristalsis by reducing intestinal pH. 40 Hydrogen sulfide is mainly produced by sulfatereducing bacteria, such as Firmicutes and Proteus, by metabolizing mucin, amino acids, and other sulfur compounds. Low H 2 S content protects the body and helps in the self-regulation of intestinal cells, including inflammation and intestinal epithelial tissue regeneration.…”

“…High gas production can cause flatulence issues; it is therefore necessary to evaluate gas production in in vivo models 39 . The enrichment of CO 2 can cause adverse effects on body health, including directly altering the volume of the intestinal microenvironment or indirectly stimulating intestinal peristalsis by reducing intestinal pH 40 . Hydrogen sulfide is mainly produced by sulfate‐reducing bacteria, such as Firmicutes and Proteus , by metabolizing mucin, amino acids, and other sulfur compounds.…”

Effects of several flavonoids on human gut microbiota and its metabolism by in vitro simulated fermentation

“…Based on a previous method ( Pi et al, 2022 ; Tian et al, 2022 ), metaphosphoric acid of 2.5 g was added to ddH 2 O at constant volume to 100 mL, and the mass-to-volume ratio (W/V) of the prepared metaphosphoric acid solution was 2.5%. Then, 0.6464 g of crotonic acid was weighed and added to the metaphosphate solution at constant volume to 100 mL, and the crotonic acid–metaphosphoric acid solution was obtained after even mixing.…”

Effects of fructooligosaccharides andSaccharomyces boulardiion the compositional structure and metabolism of gut microbiota in students

“…Large particles were removed by filtration using a 55mm × 28mm 300-mesh stool screen processor (Huatuo Co., Ltd. China) to obtain a 10% feces suspension. The sample pretreatment method was based on previous reports (23).…”