Effects of Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-P Additions on the Tensile Properties of Sn-Bi Solder

Wang, Xiaojing; Wang, Yanlai; Wang, Fengjiang; Liu, Ning; Wang, Jianxin

doi:10.1007/s40195-014-0165-9

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Such coatings are either deposited on the surface by sol-gel chemistry, or by immersion into a fluoric acidic of Zr/Ti. Nanoceramic coatings have been shown to provide good multi-metal corrosion protection for various substrates including steel, zinc, and Al alloys, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and combine good corrosion performance with excellent adhesion properties. 5,[18][19][20][21][22] A lot of work has been specifically focused on investigation of zirconium or titanium based pretreatment on Al alloys.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Intermetallics and Copper in the Deposition of ZrO₂Conversion Coatings on AA6014

Sarfraz

Posner

Lange

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zirconium oxide based conversion coatings are nickel-free alternatives to trication phosphate coatings. Here, the role of intermetallic inclusions in aluminum alloy AA6014 on the formation of Cu-rich particles inside ZrO 2 -based conversion layers with a film thickness of 25-30 nm was investigated. The role of the intermetallic inclusions on the deposition mechanism was characterized by varying the immersion time of the substrate and analyzing the coatings by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Statistical analysis on the growth of the copper rich particles showed instantaneous nucleation of these particles, with a subsequent homogeneous inplane growth at constant height. A strong preferential nucleation of the Cu-rich particles on the intermetallic particles was observed, and was attributed to the cathodic nature of the intermetallics. Raman spectroscopy indicated the presence of crystalline CuO and amorphous ZrO 2 in the film. Enhanced layer formation in the vicinity of intermetallic particles was observed. Conversion coatings are widely used to protect metal surfaces from corrosion and to promote the adhesion of subsequently applied organic paints.1 While phosphate-based conversion coatings still have a large range of applications and some aspects of their formation are subject to more recent work, 2,3 current efforts focus on the replacement of conventional, μm thick phosphate and chromate containing systems by thin coatings that results in layers with an average thickness of just few tens of nm, without toxic ingredients. [4][5][6][7] One class of candidates are rare-earth based coatings. 4,6,[8][9][10] Other candidates are nanoceramic conversion coatings, typically containing zirconium or titanium oxides. Such coatings are either deposited on the surface by sol-gel chemistry, or by immersion into a fluoric acidic of Zr/Ti. Nanoceramic coatings have been shown to provide good multi-metal corrosion protection for various substrates including steel, zinc, and Al alloys, [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] and combine good corrosion performance with excellent adhesion properties. 5,[18][19][20][21][22] A lot of work has been specifically focused on investigation of zirconium or titanium based pretreatment on Al alloys. Their basic film formation mechanism is (i) fluoride etching of the oxide layer (which can be replaced by alkaline treatment), 23 (ii) onset of hydrogen evolution reaction, i.e. water reduction with a consequent increase in pH near the interface, and (iii) subsequent precipitation of oxyhydroxides as oxide precursors.24-27 Inclusion of Cu II salts (or alternatively, Fe salts) in the bath has been shown to lead to higher overall growth rate of the film on cold rolled steel compared to the solutions without Cu II . 25,28 Coatings prepared by including copper in the solution were also shown to be thicker and showed enrichment of copper within the conversion film. 25,28 Painted cold-rolled steel pretreated with a Cu-containing ZrO 2 -based coating shows low frequency impedance moduli comparabl...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Intermetallics and Copper in the Deposition of ZrO₂Conversion Coatings on AA6014

Sarfraz

Posner

Lange

et al. 2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In recently years, rare earths were used in various steels and made such positive effects as listed: improved the high temperature oxidation resistance of the heat resistant steel and ferritic steels [4,5]; improved the corrosion resistance of the Fe-Cr alloys and other steels [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]; improved the mechanical properties of many steels at room temperature and elevated temperature, and benefiting the hot workability [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]; modified the microstructures and inclusions in steels [22][23][24][25][26]；and so on. But due to the excessively active chemical properties, RE trend to react with other elements and materials, the yields of RE cannot be controlled prospectively, and the application of RE in steels are commonly restricted to laboratory scale, it has become the main reason of limiting RE's industrial application in steels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yields of rare earths in the process of smelting steels by magnesia crucible

Li¹,

Zhao²,

Liu³

2018

Proceedings of the 2017 3rd International Forum on Energy, Environment Science and Materials (IFEESM 2017)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Two types of steels containing rare earths (RE) were smelted by the vacuum induction furnace with magnesia crucible, RE metals were added in liquid steel at the end of the smelting process, chemical compositions of the test steels were analyzed, and inclusions were observed by scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectrometer. The experimental results show that the yields of RE have no direct relationship with the oxygen and sulphur contents, but decrease with the increasing of RE addition amounts. The reaction between RE and MgO (the material of the crucible) is the major RE consumption mode, parts of the outer refractory are peeled off and become inclusions in the test steels. Because of the excessively active chemical properties, rare earths trend to react with refractory materials and metallurgical slag. Therefore, it is very difficult to utilize RE in the industrial production processes with con-casting, adding RE in the non-slag and non-refractory special processes may be feasible.

show abstract

“…Recently, ZrO 2 ‐based conversion coatings have been investigated extensively as potential replacements for conventional trication phosphating. Detailed studies on the deposition mechanism and corrosion‐protection properties of ZrO 2 ‐based pre‐treatments are available . The deposition mechanism involves removal of the oxide layer, followed by precipitation of zirconium oxide along with metallic components present in the solution .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detailed studies on the deposition mechanism and corrosion‐protection properties of ZrO 2 ‐based pre‐treatments are available . The deposition mechanism involves removal of the oxide layer, followed by precipitation of zirconium oxide along with metallic components present in the solution . Inclusion of Cu 2+ can be beneficial for a homogeneous deposition of ZrO 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Polarisation Mimicking Cathodic Electrodeposition Coating on Industrially Relevant Metal Substrates with ZrO₂‐Based Conversion Coatings

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Modern ZrO2‐based conversion coatings were deposited on an aluminium alloy (AA6014), a cold‐rolled steel, a zinc electrogalvanised steel and a Sendzimir zinc hot‐dip galvanised steel. Pretreated substrates were subjected to galvanostatic polarisation in aqueous NaNO3 to mimic deposition conditions of cathodic electrodeposition coatings. No significant structural modification of the conversion coatings was found with Raman or photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. After treatment, increased PL indicated an increased number of point defects. Downstream monitoring of dissolved Zr indicated an insignificant totally dissolved fraction of 0.01 % after 5 s of polarisation, which may occur through vacancy‐pair coalescence with concurrent oxide dissolution, as discussed for transpassive dissolution. Overall, the ZrO2 films remained intact after polarisation.

show abstract

Effects of Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-P Additions on the Tensile Properties of Sn-Bi Solder

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Role of Intermetallics and Copper in the Deposition of ZrO₂Conversion Coatings on AA6014

Role of Intermetallics and Copper in the Deposition of ZrO₂Conversion Coatings on AA6014

Yields of rare earths in the process of smelting steels by magnesia crucible

Effect of Polarisation Mimicking Cathodic Electrodeposition Coating on Industrially Relevant Metal Substrates with ZrO₂‐Based Conversion Coatings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effects of Zn, Zn-Al and Zn-P Additions on the Tensile Properties of Sn-Bi Solder

Cited by 35 publications

References 21 publications

Role of Intermetallics and Copper in the Deposition of ZrO2Conversion Coatings on AA6014

Role of Intermetallics and Copper in the Deposition of ZrO2Conversion Coatings on AA6014

Yields of rare earths in the process of smelting steels by magnesia crucible

Effect of Polarisation Mimicking Cathodic Electrodeposition Coating on Industrially Relevant Metal Substrates with ZrO2‐Based Conversion Coatings

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Role of Intermetallics and Copper in the Deposition of ZrO₂Conversion Coatings on AA6014

Role of Intermetallics and Copper in the Deposition of ZrO₂Conversion Coatings on AA6014

Effect of Polarisation Mimicking Cathodic Electrodeposition Coating on Industrially Relevant Metal Substrates with ZrO₂‐Based Conversion Coatings