Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on regulatory appetite and heat stress protein genes in broiler chickens subjected to heat stress

Abstract

This study was conducted to explore the effect of the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) supplement on the regulatory appetite and heat stress genes in broiler chickens raised under high or normal ambient temperatures. In this study, 240 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb 500) were randomly assigned to 48 battery cages. From Day 1, these 48 cages were randomly subjected to 4 different treatment strategies, control (wherein, their basal diet included 60 mg/kg of Zinc Oxide, ZnO); ZNONPs 40 (wherein basal diet included 40 mg/kg of ZnONPs); ZnONPs 60 (basal diet included 60 mg/kg of ZnONPs), and ZnONPs 100 (basal diet included 100 mg/kg of ZnONPs). Thereafter, from Day 22 to 42, the chickens from each dietary treatment group were subjected to different temperature stresses either normal (23±1°C constant) or heat stress (34±1°C for 6 h/day), which divided them into 8 different treatment groups. Our findings revealed that dietary ZnONPs altered the gene expression of cholecystokinin (ileum), HSP 70 (jejunum and ileum) and HSP 90 (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum). The gene expression of ghrelin was affected by the interaction between the ZnONPs concentration and temperature in the duodenum and stomach. More studies are required to elucidate its complex physiological and biochemical functions of the regulation of gene expression within the intestine in heat stressed broiler chickens.

Modulation of Heat-Shock Proteins Mediates Chicken Cell Survival against Thermal Stress

“…Breast muscle [150] Zinc oxide nanoparticles Increased HSP70 &HSP90 Jejunum, Duodenum, and ileum [151] Glutamine Increased HSP70 Breast muscle [152] Taurine Decreased HSP90 Breast muscle [153] Curcumin Decreased HSP70 and HSP90 Breast muscles [154] Grape-seed extract (GSE) and vitamin C Decreased HSP70 Heart [155] Origanum compactum and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Decreased HSP70 Heart [156] * All bioactive compound and medicinal herbs were administered orally either with the diet or the drinking water. Details about the dosage and experimental heat-stress conditions are described in the corresponding reference.…”

“…Supplementation with rosemary extract was also found to alleviate thermal stress in broiler chickens via inducing HSP expression and improving the antioxidant capacity [ 149 ]. Antioxidant supplementation in chicken feed/drinking water during heat stress could be used to mitigate the undesirable effects of heat stress through inducing HSP expression in breast muscle and intestinal segments [ 150 , 151 ]. Amino acids with antioxidant properties such as glutamine and taurine have been reported to modulate stress-induced HSP expression and improve cell survival against a variety of stressful stimuli.…”

Effects of Heat Stress on Gut-Microbial Metabolites, Gastrointestinal Peptides, Glycolipid Metabolism, and Performance of Broilers

“…Previous studies investigated the impacts of heat stress on broilers, which was found to cause blood glucose instability [ 3 , 8 , 9 ], decrease insulin sensitivity [ 10 ], serum cholesterol, and triglycerides [ 11 ], increase body fat in the abdomen, and decrease plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations [ 12 ]. Recently, several studies have shown that heat stress affects the metabolites and structures of the intestinal microflora [ 13 , 14 ] and gastrointestinal peptide [ 15 ] in broilers. However, to date, there are no specific studies on the effects of heat stress on broiler microflora and its metabolites, gastrointestinal peptide, glycolipid metabolism, and the association among the three.…”

Nanoparticles in Feed: a Potential Approach for Mitigating Heat Stress on Broilers

“…The chicken is highly susceptible to heat stress (HS) and has a narrow thermal comfort zone [10]. Poultry birds are sensitive organisms that experience environmental stress due to global warming [11]. In light of this, heat stress (36 °C) applied for ten days from the 21 to the 42 days of life, negatively affected broiler performance parameters [12].…”

“…In light of this, heat stress (36 °C) applied for ten days from the 21 to the 42 days of life, negatively affected broiler performance parameters [12]. A chicken affected by HS has significantly compromised growth rates and feed intake due to intestinal inflammation and injury, pathophysiological changes, indigestion, loss of absorption surface area, and compromised intestinal integrity, making it more susceptible to infectious diseases [11]. Heat stress reduces blood flow in the intestine, causing peripheral circulation to increase, leading to hypoxia, disrupting tight junctions, and increasing intestinal permeability, resulting in an increase of circulating endotoxins [13,14,15].…”