Effects of Zinc-Free Processing Aids on Silica-Reinforced Tread Compounds for Green Tires

Kim, Nam Chul; Song, Suhee

doi:10.1155/2019/9123635

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The explanation is that the dispersion of silica within the elastomer matrix improved as illustrated in Figure with more restriction of segmental elastomer chain motion. Kim and Song observed a similar trend when working with zinc-free processing aids on silica-reinforced tread compounds for green tires …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Kim and Song also observed the same tendency. They explained that the increase in the silica loading results in the increase in reinforcement due to the large surface area of silica in contact with the elastomer matrix . Additionally, the WSR rubber was less masticated in the internal mixer than the DSR rubber, resulting in less rubber molecule scissions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Natural Rubber Composites with High Silica Contents Using a Wet Mixing Process

2022

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A wet mixing process is proposed for filled rubber composites with a high silica loading to overcome the drawbacks of high energy consumption and workplace contamination of the conventional dry mixing process. Ball milling was adopted for preparing the silica dispersion because it has a simple structure, is easy to operate, and is a low-cost process that can be easily scaled up for industrial production. The response surface methodology was used to optimize the making of the silica dispersion. The optimum conditions for a well-dispersed silica suspension with the smallest silica particle size of 4.9 mm were an about 22% silica content and 62 h of ball milling. The effects of dry and wet mixing methods on the properties of silica-filled rubber composites were investigated in a broad range of silica levels from low to high loadings. The mixing method choice had little impact on the properties of rubber composites with low silica loadings. The silica-filled rubber demonstrated in this study, however, shows superior characteristics over the rubber composite prepared with conventional dry mixing, particularly with high silica loadings. When compared to silica-filled natural rubbers prepared by dry mixing (dry silica rubber, DSR), the wet mixing (for WSR) produced smaller silica aggregates with better dispersion. Due to the shorter heat history, the WSR exhibits superior curing characteristics such as a longer scorch time (2.2–3.3 min for WSR and 1.0–2.1 min for DSR) and curing time (4.1–4.5 min for WSR and 2.2–3.1 min for DSR). Additionally, the WSR has superior mechanical properties (hardness, modulus, tensile strength, and especially the elongation at break (420–680% for WSR and 360–620% DSR)) over the DSR. The rolling resistance of WSR is lower than that of DSR. However, the reversed trend on the wet skid resistance is observed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Natural Rubber Composites with High Silica Contents Using a Wet Mixing Process

2022

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“…The tyres which are derived from sustainable materials with low rolling resistance, improved wet grip and wear resistance are termed green tyres. Proper utilization of the available resources, cure optimization, elimination of unwanted processes and material movement, reduction in downtime, and standardization of a few components in the tyre manufacturing process can thrive in the production of energy-saving methods [ 40 ]. Also reducing toxic, carcinogenic materials in rubber compounding will lead to the evolution of a new green tyre manufacturing process.…”

Section: Green Tyres Industry: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To tackle the emerging global concerns, these heavy metal ions are now replaced with zinc-free processing aids. Kim et al [ 40 ] elucidated that zinc-free processing aids on tyre treads enhance the elasticity of the compound due to improvement in crosslink density as well as dispersion between rubber matrix and silica. Excellent wet braking and dry braking, low rolling resistance, and mechanical properties are the outcomes obtained in this study.…”

Section: Green Tyres Industry: An Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent trends in industrial and academic developments of green tyre technology

et al. 2022

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Growing natural calamities as a consequence of global warming are one of the most pondering subjects today. The exponential growth of environmental pollution due to unscientific human exploitation of natural resources is considered the prime reason for the harsh responses of nature. Researchers from various fields of industry and academia are working hard to develop and implement products/technologies that are environmentally friendly or less harmful to the ecosystem. Material researchers, specifically those working in the automobile sector are also not behind in search of green products from eco-friendly raw materials and production methods. The automobile industry is collectively responsible for around 40% of global pollution in terms of greenhouse gas emissions. Out of which around 20–30% is originating from tyre production and its end-use. In this view, tyre production from eco-friendly raw materials and technologies that have minimum hazardousness to the environment is a hot research topic today. A few products in the market with “green” tags and many are in the pipeline for the recent future. This review summarises a detailed discussion of the emerging green technologies for tyre production and depicted comprehensive data from the available literature. The paper has been drafted from a well-balanced academic and industrial point of view since the researchers from both sectors are working in harmony for a better future for green tyre technology.

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“…Among all cited reinforcing fillers, black carbon and silica nanoparticles are the most used for SBR rubber reinforcement in industrial applications [ 2 , 26 , 27 ]. Carbon black has been the first reinforcing filler largely used in the rubber industry owning to its ability to improve tear strength, hardness, and abrasion resistance of many rubbers [ 28 ]. Later, the development of “green tires” based on silica nanoparticles fillers has demonstrated enhanced reinforcing properties of silica on abrasion resistance, rolling resistance, and wet grip compared to black carbon [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Silica-Based Fillers in Nanocomposites: Influence of Isotropic/Isotropic and Isotropic/Anisotropic Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene (SBR)-Based Rubber

et al. 2021

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The improvement of mechanical properties of polymer-based nanocomposites is usually obtained through a strong polymer–silica interaction. Most often, precipitated silica nanoparticles are used as filler. In this work, we study the synergetic effect occurring between dual silica-based fillers in a styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/polybutadiene (PBD) rubber matrix. Precipitated Highly Dispersed Silica (HDS) nanoparticles (10 nm) have been associated with spherical Stöber silica nanoparticles (250 nm) and anisotropic nano-Sepiolite. By imaging filler at nano scale through Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy, we have shown that anisotropic fillers align only in presence of a critical amount of HDS. The dynamic mechanical analysis of rubber compounds confirms that this alignment leads to a stiffer nanocomposite when compared to Sepiolite alone. On the contrary, spherical 250 nm nanoparticles inhibit percolation network and reduce the nanocomposite stiffness.

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Effects of Zinc-Free Processing Aids on Silica-Reinforced Tread Compounds for Green Tires

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Preparation of Natural Rubber Composites with High Silica Contents Using a Wet Mixing Process

Preparation of Natural Rubber Composites with High Silica Contents Using a Wet Mixing Process

Recent trends in industrial and academic developments of green tyre technology

Hybrid Silica-Based Fillers in Nanocomposites: Influence of Isotropic/Isotropic and Isotropic/Anisotropic Fillers on Mechanical Properties of Styrene-Butadiene (SBR)-Based Rubber

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