Effects of zearalenone and<i>α</i>-Zearalenol in comparison with Raloxifene on T47D cells

Khosrokhavar, Roya; Rahimifard, Nahid; Shoeibi, Shahram; Hamedani, M Pirali; Hosseini, Mir-Jamal

doi:10.1080/15376510802455347

Cited by 33 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Khosrokhavar et al studied the effect of raloxifene on human estrogen-receptor positive breast cancer cells T47D in combination with ZEN, a-ZAL and E 2 separately. Raloxifene inhibited cell proliferation induced by ZEN, a-ZAL and E 2 at equivalent concentrations and exhibited protective effect on cells containing estrogen receptors and significantly suppressed growth of T47D cells by about 40% (11).…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multiple data indicate that ZEA-mediated inhibition of apoptosis is expressed in a dose-dependent manner. Khosrokhavar et al examined the effect of ZEN and a-ZEA at different concentrations on T47D (estrogen receptor-positive) and MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor negative) breast cancer cell lines (11). They concluded that ZEN and a-ZEA at low concentrations (Zen 10 )8 M and a-ZEA 10 )9 M ) strongly stimulated growth, providing evidence that these mycoestrogens promote the development of estrogen dependent cancer.…”

Section: Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, interest has focused on evidence that some ZEN derivatives play an important role in the promotion of hormone-dependent tumours particularly those arising from breast and endometrium (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Importantly, ZEN has been reported to have biphasic, dose dependent behaviour causing alternatively harmful or beneficial effects in humans, by either promoting or preventing breast cancer (17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZEN and the art of breast health maintenance

Pazaiti

Kontos

2011

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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Zearalenone (ZEN) is a non-steroidal mycoestrogen that widely contaminates agricultural products. ZEN and its derivatives share similar molecular mechanisms and activity with estrogens and interact with ERα and ERβ leading to changes in the reproductive system in both animals and humans. The reduced form of ZEN, α-ZEA ralenol, has been used as an anabolic agent for animals and also proposed as hormonal replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. Furthermore, both zearelanol ZEN and derivatives have been patented as oral contraceptives. ZEN has been widely used in the United States since 1969 to improve fattening rates in cattle by increasing growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Evidence of human harm from this practice is provided by observations of central precocious puberty. As a result, this practice has been banned by the European Union. As ZEN has been associated with breast enlargement in humans, it has been included in many bust-enhancing dietary supplements but epidemiological evidence is lacking with regard to breast cancer risk. Extensive work with human breast cancer cell lines has shown estrogenic stimulation in those possessing ER but a reduction in DMBA-induced breast cancers in rodents given ZEN. Protein disulfide isomerase provides a molecular biomarker of dietary exposure to ZEN and its derivatives allowing the detection and control of harmful food intake. The interaction of ZEN with anti-estrogens, anticancer agents and antioxidants requires further investigation.

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Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ZEN and the art of breast health maintenance

Pazaiti

Kontos

2011

International Journal of Clinical Practice

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“…Carcinogenic (breast cancer) (Khosrokhavar et al, 2009;Yu et al, 2004;Ahamed et al, 2001) and genotoxic (Lioi et al, 2004) effects of the discussed compound were also observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Analytical Procedure for the Determination of Zearalenone in Environmental and Biological Samples

Kwaśniewska

Gadzała‐Kopciuch

Cendrowski

2015

Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry

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The metabolism of zearalenone (ZEA) and analytical methods for determining the presence of ZEA and its metabolites are discussed in this study. Similar to phytoestrogens, solid metaloestrogens, pharmaceuticals, and selected pesticides, ZEA is a substance that displays endocrine activity. ZEA is accumulated in living organisms, and it is capable of contaminating all trophic levels of the food chain, from grain, maize, and other crop plants to human consumers. Zearalenone has a structure similar to that of estrogen (the presence of a macrocyclic lactone ring), it has an affinity for estrogen receptors, and it competes with 17β-estradiol for binding the estrogen receptor in natural pathways. As endocrine disruptors, zearalenone and its metabolites can also contribute to carcinogenic mutations associated with female secondary sex characteristics. The determination of zearalenone and its metabolites in various matrices, first of all biological and environmental samples, poses significant problems. A variety ways of extracting and purifying zearalenone, including liquid-liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction, are described. Furthermore, it describes the possibility of applying a plurality of sensitive and specific instrumental methods, chromatographic techniques (TLC, HPLC, GC) as well as other methods (immunoaffinity chromatography).

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“…The IARC has classified aflatoxin B1 within group 1 (proven carcinogenic effect on humans) and fumonisin B1 and ochratoxin A within group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) (IARC, 1993). The evidence from in vitro studies has shown that zearalenone is a probably implicated in cancer of the reproductive system (Khosrokhavar et al, 2009). …”

Section: Mycotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%