Effects of xylem sap flow on carbon dioxide efflux from stems of birch (Betula pendula Roth)

Gansert, Dirk; Burgdorf, Markus

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2004.12.005

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…High rates of R S coincided with high xylem sap fluxes (Levy and Jarvis 1998;Levy et al 1999;Horna and Zimmermann 2002). Other studies reported a negative correlation between xylem flux and radial CO 2 efflux (Negisi 1979;Edward and Hanson 1996;Teskey and McGuire 2002;Gansert and Burkdorf 2005;Teskey and McGuire 2007). All these studies suggested that R S might be linked to canopy water use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One important source of variation in diurnal and seasonal R S is the internal transport of dissolved CO 2 in the transpiration stream influencing the apparent CO 2 release through the bark (Edward and Hanson 1996;Levy and Jarvis 1998;McGuire 2002, 2007;Gansert and Burkdorf 2005;Teskey et al 2008). Because we did not measure xylem sap flow directly, we used D, wind speed and solar radiation as major determinants of transpiration in our regression analysis in the attempt to explain the large heterogeneity of R S .…”

Section: Data Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attempts to explain deviations from the common temperature-respiration relationship or high between-tree variations in stem CO 2 release mainly focussed on four physiological phenomenon: (1) on time lags between temperature variation and CO 2 release (Ryan 1990;Lavigne 1996;Stockfors and Linder 1998), (2) the significance of stem photosynthetic activity (Sprugel and Benecke 1991;Gansert 1995;Pfanz 1999;Strobel 2004), (3) the CO 2 transport with xylem sap flux (Edward and Hanson 1996;Levy and Jarvis 1998;Teskey and McGuire 2002;Gansert and Burkdorf 2005) and/or (4) on differences in the diffusion resistance to gas by xylem, cambium and the bark (Sorz and Hietz 2006, Lendzian 2006. In three of our trees (Cr, Ge, Hm; Table 1), the correlation coefficients between diurnal T T and R S were higher when a time lag of 1.5-2 h was considered in the analysis (data not shown).…”

Section: Sources Of Variation In Dry Season Stem Co 2 Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverging temperature response of tree stem CO2 release under dry and wet season conditions in a tropical montane moist forest

Zach

Horna

Leuschner

2009

Trees

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It is commonly presumed that plant respiratory CO 2 release increases with increasing temperature. However, we report on very contrasting stem CO 2 release (R S )-temperature relationships of trees in a species-rich tropical montane forest of southern Ecuador under dry and wet season conditions. Rates of R S were low and completely uncoupled from the dial temperature regime during the humid season. In contrast, during the dry season, R S was generally higher and temperature sensitivity of R S differed greatly in degree and even in the direction of response, indicating that temperature might not be the only determinant of R S . In order to explain the heterogeneity of R S , we related R S to vapour pressure deficit, wind speed and solar radiation as important abiotic drivers influencing transpiration and photosynthesis. Stepwise multiple regression analyses with these meteorological predictors either were biased by high collinearity of the independent variables or could not enhance the ability to explain the variability of R S . We assume maintenance respiration to dominate under humid conditions unfavourable for energy acquisition of the tree, thus explaining the pronounced uncoupling of R S from atmospheric parameters. In contrast, the drier and hotter climate of the dry season seems to favour R S via enhanced assimilatory substrate delivery and stem respiratory activity as well as elevated xylem sap CO 2 imports with increased transpiration. In addition, tree individual differences in the temperature responses of R S may mirror diverging climatic adaptations of co-existing moist forest tree species which have their distribution centre either at higher or lower elevations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Data Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sources Of Variation In Dry Season Stem Co 2 Releasementioning

confidence: 99%

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Diverging temperature response of tree stem CO2 release under dry and wet season conditions in a tropical montane moist forest

Zach

Horna

Leuschner

2009

Trees

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“…Hence, E A may under-or overestimate the rate of respiration of the stem tissue due to transport of CO 2 in the transpiration stream. Several studies have established the relationship between f s and E A (Negisi 1979;Martin et al 1994;Levy et al 1999;Edwards and Wullschleger 2000;Bowman et al 2005;Gansert and Burgdorf 2005;Maier and Clinton 2006). However, f s measurements do not provide direct information about CO 2 transport inside the stem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem respiration and carbon dioxide efflux of young Populus deltoides trees in relation to temperature and xylem carbon dioxide concentration

et al. 2007

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Oxidative respiration is strongly temperature driven. However, in woody stems, efflux of CO(2) to the atmosphere (E (A)), commonly used to estimate the rate of respiration (R (S)), and stem temperature (T (st)) have often been poorly correlated, which we hypothesized was due to transport of respired CO(2) in xylem sap, especially under high rates of sap flow (f (s)). To test this, we measured E (A), T (st), f (s) and xylem sap CO(2) concentrations ([CO(2)*]) in 3-year-old Populus deltoides trees under different weather conditions (sunny and rainy days) in autumn. We also calculated R (S) by mass balance as the sum of both outward and internal CO(2) fluxes and hypothesized that R (S) would correlate better with T (st) than E (A). We found that E (A) sometimes correlated well with T (st), but not on sunny mornings and afternoons or on rainy days. When the temperature effect on E (A) was accounted for, a clear positive relationship between E (A) and xylem [CO(2)*] was found. [CO(2)*] varied diurnally and increased substantially at night and during periods of rain. Changes in [CO(2)*] were related to changes in f (s) but not T (st). We conclude that changes in both respiration and internal CO(2) transport altered E (A). The dominant component flux of R (S) was E (A). However, on a 24-h basis, the internal transport flux represented 9-18% and 3-7% of R (S) on sunny and rainy days, respectively, indicating that the contribution of stem respiration to forest C balance may be larger than previously estimated based on E (A) measurements. Unexpectedly, the relationship between R (S) and T (st) was sometimes weak in two of the three trees. We conclude that in addition to temperature, other factors such as water deficits or substrate availability exert control on the rate of stem respiration so that simple temperature functions are not sufficient to predict stem respiration.

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“…This phenomenon is likely caused by the direct effect of modified sap flow after pruning because the amount of CO 2 derived from the stem or root respiration was dissolved and transported internally through the xylem McGuire 2002, 2005;Bloemen et al 2014). Previous studies have confirmed that stem CO 2 efflux decreased (McGuire and Teskey 2004;Bowman et al 2005;Gansert and Burgdorf 2005;McGuire et al 2007) or increased with increasing sap flow Moore et al 2008;Aubrey and Teskey 2009;Zhu et al 2012). Therefore, stem CO 2 efflux might change when the transport rate of dissolved CO 2 in the xylem stream increases or decreases after pruning.…”

Section: Stem Co 2 Effluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different responses of stem and soil CO2 efflux to pruning in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation

Yang

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2015

Trees

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Key message Pruning significantly reduced stem CO 2 efflux, but had little effect on soil CO 2 efflux and root respiration. Pruning did not alter temperature sensitivity of CO 2 efflux from stem and soil. Abstract Pruning is one of the common silvicultural practices for Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantations to produce knot-free wood. However, little is known about the effects of pruning on stem and soil CO 2 efflux in Chinese fir plantations. In this study, we experimentally manipulated the canopy of Chinese fir by pruning the lower 50 % of the green crown length in a Chinese fir plantation. We monitored the effects of pruning on the stem and soil CO 2 efflux, stem radial growth, xylem sap flow, and nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations. Our results showed that pruning resulted in the significant reduction of stem CO 2 efflux, particularly during the growing season. Despite the removal of the lower 50 % of the green crown length, we did not observe a pronounced reduction in soil CO 2 efflux and its components. Moreover, pruning had only little effect on sap flow. No significant difference was observed in the NSC concentrations between treatments in the stem cores and fine roots. We speculated that the different responses of stem and soil CO 2 efflux to pruning in the Chinese fir (sprouting species) plantation may have resulted from the different carbon allocations between aboveground and belowground tissues. However, further studies are required to confirm if our findings could be applied to other tree species or ecosystems.

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Effects of xylem sap flow on carbon dioxide efflux from stems of birch (Betula pendula Roth)

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Diverging temperature response of tree stem CO2 release under dry and wet season conditions in a tropical montane moist forest

Diverging temperature response of tree stem CO2 release under dry and wet season conditions in a tropical montane moist forest

Stem respiration and carbon dioxide efflux of young Populus deltoides trees in relation to temperature and xylem carbon dioxide concentration

Different responses of stem and soil CO2 efflux to pruning in a Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) plantation

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