Effects of xylazine hydrochloride during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in horses

Steffey, Eugene; Pascoe, Peter J; Woliner, M. J.; Berryman, Edwin

doi:10.2460/ajvr.2000.61.1225

Cited by 79 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…r = 0.977, P<0.01. min [11], the influence of premedication was presumably small. However, the MAC of isoflurane in horses is known to be reduced by 35 and 15% at 70 and 150 min, respectively, after administration of xylazine at 1.0 mg/kg [27]. Hence, the influence of xylazine to MIR obtained in this research cannot be denied.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

The Minimum Infusion Rate (MIR) of Propofol for Total Intravenous Anesthesia after Premedication with Xylazine in Horses

Oku

Ohta

Yamanaka

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. To investigate an adequate infusion rate of propofol for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in horses, the minimum infusion rate (MIR) comparable to the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) of inhalation anesthetic was determined under constant ventilation condition by intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV). In addition, arterial propofol concentration was measured to determine the concentration corresponding to the MIR (concentration preventing reaction to stimulus in 50% of population, Cp 50 ). Further, 95% effective dose (ED 95 ) was estimated as infusion rate for acquiring adequate anesthetic depth. Anesthetic depth was judged by the gross purposeful movement response to painful stimulus. MIR and Cp 50 were 0.10 ± 0.02 mg/kg/min and 5.3 ± 1.4 µg/ml, respectively. ED 95 was estimated as 0.14 mg/kg/min (1.4MIR).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

The Minimum Infusion Rate (MIR) of Propofol for Total Intravenous Anesthesia after Premedication with Xylazine in Horses

Oku

Ohta

Yamanaka

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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“…Estudos prévios já demonstraram o efeito diurético da detomidina em cavalos acordados e anestesiados com halotano (Steffey et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Associação entre midazolam e detomidina na medicação pré-anestésica para indução da anestesia geral com cetamina em potros

Marques

Pereira

Marques

2009

Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.

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Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n 14884-900 -Jaboticabal, SP 2 Aluna de pós-graduação -FCAV-UNESP -Jaboticabal, SP 3 Aluna de graduação -Instituição Moura Lacerda -Ribeirão Preto, SP RESUMOEmpregou-se a associação midazolam e detomidina para indução de anestesia com cetamina em 16 potros, machos e fêmeas, entre três e seis meses de idade, distribuídos aleatória e equitativamente em dois grupos (GI e GII). A todos os animais foram administrados midazolam, via intramuscular, na dose de 0,2mg/kg, e após 15 minutos, detomidina, via intravenosa, na dose de 0,02mg/kg. Os animais do GII receberam cetamina pela via intravenosa, dose 2,0mg/kg, três minutos após a administração de detomidina. Quinze minutos após o midazolam, ocorreram sedação e ligeira ataxia, e dois minutos após a administração da detomidina, decúbito lateral em todos os potros, com miorrelaxamento e presença dos reflexos de deglutição e miorrelaxamento, anal e oculo-palpebral. A associação midazolam/detomidina e cetamina provocou ausência dos reflexos de deglutição. Para todos os animais, o tempo de recuperação foi de 45-60 minutos, e temperatura retal e frequência respiratória permaneceram estáveis. Ocorreram bradicardia, bloqueio atrioventricular de segundo grau e aumento das pressões arteriais sistólica, diastólica e média após dois minutos da administração da detomidina. A associação midazolam/detomidina e cetamina demonstrou ser um método eficiente e seguro para a anestesia de potros hígidos. Palavras

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“…Diese Medikamente haben depressive Nebenwirkungen auf das kardiorespiratorische System des Patienten mit zum Teil fatalen Folgen. Eine Verminderung der Narkotikadosierung kann die damit verbundenen Risiken stark reduzieren (Steffey et al 2000, Bennett et al 2004). …”

Section: Schmerzsymptomatikunclassified

“…Andere Vorteile dieser Wirkstofffamilie sind wie bei anderen Analgetika ihre Einspareffekte auf die Allgemeinanästhetika, weshalb sie oft Teil einer balancierten Anästhesie sind (Steffey et al 2000, Bennett et al 2004 bis lumbosakrale Analgesie hervorzurufen (Fikes et al 1989, Grubb et al 1992, Skarda und Muir 1994, Doherty et al 1997a …”

Section: Schmerzsymptomatikunclassified

Analgesics in the horse: an update

Ionita¹,

Lempe²,

Leupold³

et al. 2007

PHK

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Nowadays a large spectrum of analgesics is clinically applicable in the horse. The advantages of a good analgesia largely ponder its disadvantages. In order to choose the best suitable option or combination of analgesics for the patient depending on the indication, basic knowledge in pain patho-physiology and pharmacology is required. The most frequently applied analgesics in horses are the non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID). Because of their peripheral anti-inflammatory action and other complex mechanisms, they can be very effectively used to treat orthopedic or visceral pain. However one must be conscious that they can cause important side effects. For this reason new products appeared on the market lately, with less impairment of the homeostasis. Glucocorticoids are other more potent anti-inflammatory drugs. Since their side effects are more pronounced, local application is often preferred for therapy of significant aseptic inflammations. The opioids belong to a very effective family of analgesics. These are mainly administered in combination with sedatives as part of the operative premedication. They can also be systemically administered or locally injected (intraarticular or epidural) in order to produce long lasting anti-nociception. The local anesthetics are administered in order to inhibit the pain transmission. They are able to produce long lasting regional analgesia. Other clinically relevant characteristics are the protective effect against reperfusion injuries, the systemic analgesia and the intestinal prokinetic effects of lidocain, when given intravenously as a continuous rate infusion. The α2 agonists are known as the strongest analgesics in the horse. They are particularly indicated to treat strong abdominal pain. In addition, they can be used for long lasting epidural anesthesia. Ketamine is routinely employed for general anesthesia and is well-known for its somatic analgesic properties in human medicine. Moreover, this dissociative anesthetic can be effective in local applications (e.g. epidural) in equine patients. The goal of this article is to point out the different analgesics which can be used in the horse and explain their mechanisms of action. This should allow the veterinarian to select the optimal product and/or the most adequate method and combination depending on the clinical cases.

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Effects of xylazine hydrochloride during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in horses

Abstract: Administration of XYL reduced the anesthetic requirement for isoflurane in horses. The magnitude of the decrease is dose- and time-dependent. Administration of XYL increases blood glucose concentration in anesthetized horses in a dose-related manner.

Cited by 79 publications

References 23 publications

The Minimum Infusion Rate (MIR) of Propofol for Total Intravenous Anesthesia after Premedication with Xylazine in Horses

The Minimum Infusion Rate (MIR) of Propofol for Total Intravenous Anesthesia after Premedication with Xylazine in Horses

Associação entre midazolam e detomidina na medicação pré-anestésica para indução da anestesia geral com cetamina em potros

Analgesics in the horse: an update

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