Effects of whole peanut within an energy‐restricted diet on inflammatory and oxidative processes in obese women: a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

BACKGROUND Peanut consumption has little effect on body weight, despite its high energy density and is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that the consumption of whole peanut would be associated with greater improvements in body composition, lipid profile, and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODOLOGY Twenty‐four women with obesity [body mass index (BMI) > 30 kg m−2], 33.1 ± 8.7 years old, were assigned to three groups and consumed 56 g of whole peanut (WP), skinned peanut (SP), and no peanut (NP) and consumed energy‐restricted diets (250 kcal d−1 less than their customary diet) for 8 weeks. RESULTS WP group lost an average of 3.2 kg, while SP group lost 2.6 kg and the NP group 1.8 kg. However, only the groups that consumed peanuts showed a significant reduction in BMI. WP group presented lower body weight, BMI, waist circumference, total lean mass, and total body fat than the SP group in the eighth week. There was a significant reduction in total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) after 4 weeks of intervention, which was maintained in week‐8 for the WP and SP groups. In addition, there was an improvement in platelets and plasma homocysteine with WP group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the regular intake of the whole peanut as part of an energy‐restricted diet showed health benefits since it enhanced body weight loss, besides improving body composition and reducing cholesterol, platelets, and homocysteine concentrations. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of energy-restricted diets with or without nuts on weight, body composition and glycaemic control in adults: a scoping review

“…The review includes two papers that reported data from the same study (34,35) ; both papers reported body mass, BMI, fat mass and lean mass, whilst per cent fat mass and per cent lean mass were reported in Alves et al (34) and glycaemic control (glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR) was reported in Moreira Alves et al (35) . Of the eight papers included in this review, one paper reported an intention-to-treat and a compliers analysis (36) , three papers reported only an intention-to-treat analysis (34,37,38) and four papers reported a completers analysis (35,(39)(40)(41) .…”

“…Study publication dates ranged from 2003 to 2022. Studies were conducted in North America (36)(37)(38)40) , Brazil (35,41,42) and Iran (39) . Across all studies, 676 participants aged between 18 and 79 years were included.…”

“…Across all studies, 676 participants aged between 18 and 79 years were included. Male and female participants were enrolled in three studies (36,38,40) whilst four studies (five papers) included males (35,42) or females (37,39,41) only. All studies included participants with overweight or obesity.…”

Ultraprocessed Foods and Obesity Risk: A Critical Review of Reported Mechanisms

“…This is not surprising given that consumption of low energy-dense foods such as fruit juices and sugar-sweetened beverages are associated with higher energy intake and body weight [ [209] , [210] , [211] , [212] ] because they elicit weak energy compensation. In addition, the consumption of high energy-dense foods, such as nuts, does not lead to weight gain [ [213] , [214] , [215] , [216] ] owing to a variety of mechanisms such as their high satiety value, limited energy bioavailability, and potential to increase resting energy expenditure [ 217 ]. Moreover, the primary determinants of dietary energy density, that is, water (0 kcal/g) consumption [ 218 , 219 ], fat (9 kcal/g) consumption [ 220 ], and fiber (1–2 kcal/g) consumption [ 221 , 222 ] have remained relatively stable in the American population while BMI has increased.…”

Urinary Phenolic Metabolites Associated with Peanut Consumption May Have a Beneficial Impact on Vascular Health Biomarkers

“…The regular consumption of nuts and peanuts has been associated with a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular diseases [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] and diabetes [ 4 , 5 , 6 ], with improvements in the lipid profile, inflammation markers, and preservation of endothelial function [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. However, the results of studies evaluating the impact of nut consumption on inflammation are discrepant, as clinical trials have not been able to consistently verify the anti-inflammatory effects found in observational studies [ 8 , 11 , 12 ].…”