Effects of whey proteins and carbohydrates on the efficacy of resistance training in elderly people: double blind, randomised controlled trial

Arnarson, A.; Geirsdóttir, Ólöf Guðný; Ramel, Alfons; Briem, Kristín; Jónsson, Pálmi V.; Þórsdóttir, Inga

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.40

Cited by 86 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Furthermore, no significant change in macronutrient intake, including protein, carbohydrate, or fat intake, was observed. Previous studies have also indicated that RT does not impact the total energy intake among older individuals (21,22,(33)(34)(35). In the current study, the average daily protein intake was 1.62 g/kg BW/d, which was substantially higher than the RDA (0.8 g/kg BW/d).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Relationship between Dietary Protein or Essential Amino Acid Intake and Training-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy among Older Individuals

Yoshii

Sato

Ogasawara

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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Summary Dietary protein intake is critical for maintaining an optimal muscle mass, especially among older individuals. Although protein supplementation during resistance training (RT) has been shown to further augment training-induced muscle mass in older individuals, the impact of daily variations in protein intake on training-induced muscle mass has not been explored thus far. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the dietary protein and amino acid intake and RT-induced muscle hypertrophy among older individuals. Ten healthy older men (n510; mean age56962 y; body weight (BW)561.562.2 kg; height51.6560.02 m) participated in progressive RT performed 3 times/wk for 12 wk. Body composition (using DXA) and nutritional assessments (using a 3-d dietary record) were performed before and after the training period. Leg lean mass (LLM) increased significantly (15.060.8 vs. 15.460.8 kg, p,0.05) after RT, with no change in dietary nutrient intake. The average dietary protein intake was 1.6260.11 g/kg BW/d, while essential amino acids was 600651 mg/kg BW/d. Although the correlation between the increase in LLM and dietary protein intake was not significant, a significant correlation was found between the increase in LLM and dietary essential amino acid (EAA) intake. Furthermore, there were significant correlations between the increase in LLM and protein as well as EAA (especially leucine) intake at breakfast among subjects with suboptimal protein intake (p,0.05). Our study findings indicate that dietary protein as well as EAA intake may be significant contributing factors in muscle hypertrophic response during RT among healthy older men.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Relationship between Dietary Protein or Essential Amino Acid Intake and Training-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy among Older Individuals

Yoshii

Sato

Ogasawara

et al. 2017

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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“…PS in 15 RCTs was performed with leucine, whey protein, casein, or other essential amino acids (13, 18-22, 25-27, 29-31, 33, 34, 37), whereas the other 2 RCTs (32, 49) used supplements containing b-hydroxy b-methylbutyrate, which may stimulate MPS during RET (50). Of the 17 included RCTs, 11 provided PS every day throughout the trial (13, 19, 21, 22, 24-26, 29, 32, 33, 37); in the remaining 6 RCTs (18,20,27,30,31,34), the PS was taken only on RET days.…”

Section: Ps Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 14 RCTs, participants in the control groups received a placebo supplement and maintained their habitual diet (13,18,20,21,(24)(25)(26)(27)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34), whereas the control groups in the other 3 trials were given RET only and no placebo supplement (19,22,37).…”

Section: Ps Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six RCTs used a long intervention period of $24 wk, totaling 48-72 sessions (13,19,22,(24)(25)(26); 8 used a medium intervention period of $12 wk but ,24 wk, totaling 24-48 sessions (18,20,21,27,31,33,34,37); and 3 used a short intervention period of ,12 wk, totaling 12-56 sessions (29,30,32). Most of the included RCTs used a training intensity of 50-80% of participants' one repetition maximum (1-RM) (13, 18, 25-27, 30-34, 37).…”

Section: Ret Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several mobility tests were used to assess the treatment effects of PS on physical function: the gait speed test in 5 RCTs (13,18,21,22,29), 6-min or 400-m walk test in 5 (21,22,26,27,37), timed up-and-go test in 3 (18,24,27), chair rise time (seconds) test in 7 (13,18,21,22,25,26,29), short physical performance battery test in 2 (13,26), stair climbing test in 1 (26), physical activity test in 1 (18,22), and functional reach test in 1 (Supplemental Table 1) (22). For the meta-analysis, all data derived from the walk tests were transformed into gait speed (meters per second), and all data obtained from the chair rise tests were transformed into the time required to perform 5 repetitions (seconds).…”

Section: Effects On Physical Mobility Outcomementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise on body composition and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liao

Tsauo

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

221

170

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Background: Overweight and obese older people face a high risk of muscle loss and impaired physical function, which may contribute to sarcopenic obesity. Resistance exercise training (RET) has a beneficial effect on muscle protein synthesis and can be augmented by protein supplementation (PS). However, whether body weight affects the augmentation of muscular and functional performance in response to PS in older people undergoing RET remains unclear. Objective: This study was conducted to identify the effects of PS on the body composition and physical function of older people undergoing RET. Design: We performed a comprehensive search of online databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the efficacy of PS for lean mass gain, strength gain, and physical mobility improvements in older people undergoing RET. Results: We included 17 RCTs; the overall mean 6 SD age and body mass index (BMI; in kg/m 2 ) in these RCTs were 73.4 6 8.1 y and 29.7 6 5.5, respectively. The participants had substantially greater lean mass and leg strength gains when PS and RET were used than with RET alone, with the standard mean differences (SMDs) being 0.58 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.84) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.39, 0.98), respectively. The subgroup of studies with a mean BMI $30 exhibited substantially greater lean mass (SMD: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.87) and leg strength (SMD: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.42, 1.34) gains in response to PS. The subgroup of studies with a mean BMI ,30 also exhibited relevant gains in response to PS. Conclusions: Compared with RET alone, PS combined with RET may have a stronger effect in preventing aging-related muscle mass attenuation and leg strength loss in older people, which was found in studies with a mean BMI $30 and in studies with a mean BMI ,30. Clinicians could use nutrition supplement and exercise strategies, especially PS plus RET, to effectively improve the physical activity and health status of all older patients.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:1078-91.

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Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults

Baldwin

Schueren

Kruizenga

et al. 2021

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Effects of whey proteins and carbohydrates on the efficacy of resistance training in elderly people: double blind, randomised controlled trial

Abstract: Ingestion of 20 g of whey protein immediately after resistance exercise three times per week, does not lead to greater gains in lean body mass, strength and physical function in elderly people with sufficient energy and protein intakes when compared to isocaloric carbohydrate.

Cited by 86 publications

References 34 publications

Relationship between Dietary Protein or Essential Amino Acid Intake and Training-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy among Older Individuals

Relationship between Dietary Protein or Essential Amino Acid Intake and Training-Induced Muscle Hypertrophy among Older Individuals

Effects of protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise on body composition and physical function in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Dietary advice with or without oral nutritional supplements for disease-related malnutrition in adults

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