Effects of wetland depth and flow rate on residence time distribution characteristics

Holland, Jeff F.; Martin, Jay F.; Granata, Timothy C.; Bouchard, Virginie; Quigley, Martin F.; Brown, L. C.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2004.09.003

Cited by 139 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An inverse correlation between wetland size and water quality (104) supports this inference. Finally, long residence times due to intermittent or slow connections (105,106) facilitate completion of kinetically limited reactions (e.g., P sorption into minerals, complex organic molecule mineralization), enhancing sink functions. Although maximum retention efficiency occurs when reaction rates and residence times align (107), loss of high reactivity and long residence time landscape elements alters overall fluxes, particularly when GIWs are embedded in solute-generating areas (e.g., where fertilizer is applied) (101).…”

Section: Fig 2 Across Blocks (A-h Maps Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape functions?

Cohen

Creed

Alexander

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

321

334

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Geographically isolated wetlands (GIWs), those surrounded by uplands, exchange materials, energy, and organisms with other elements in hydrological and habitat networks, contributing to landscape functions, such as flow generation, nutrient and sediment retention, and biodiversity support. GIWs constitute most of the wetlands in many North American landscapes, provide a disproportionately large fraction of wetland edges where many functions are enhanced, and form complexes with other water bodies to create spatial and temporal heterogeneity in the timing, flow paths, and magnitude of network connectivity. These attributes signal a critical role for GIWs in sustaining a portfolio of landscape functions, but legal protections remain weak despite preferential loss from many landscapes. GIWs lack persistent surface water connections, but this condition does not imply the absence of hydrological, biogeochemical, and biological exchanges with nearby and downstream waters. Although hydrological and biogeochemical connectivity is often episodic or slow (e.g., via groundwater), hydrologic continuity and limited evaporative solute enrichment suggest both flow generation and solute and sediment retention. Similarly, whereas biological connectivity usually requires overland dispersal, numerous organisms, including many rare or threatened species, use both GIWs and downstream waters at different times or life stages, suggesting that GIWs are critical elements of landscape habitat mosaics. Indeed, weaker hydrologic connectivity with downstream waters and constrained biological connectivity with other landscape elements are precisely what enhances some GIW functions and enables others. Based on analysis of wetland geography and synthesis of wetland functions, we argue that sustaining landscape functions requires conserving the entire continuum of wetland connectivity, including GIWs.connectivity | navigable waters | significant nexus Understanding connectivity-patterns of matter, energy, and organism exchanges among landscape elements and across scales-is a challenge that unites the fields of ecology and hydrology (1). Connectivity enables dispersal of organisms and flows of water between landscape elements at multiple spatial and temporal scales

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Section: Fig 2 Across Blocks (A-h Maps Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape functions?

Cohen

Creed

Alexander

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

321

334

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, this removal rate was obviously lower than that reported by Chen et al, who reported that the mean concentration removal efficiencies in the eco-ditch for TN, NO 3 − -N, and NH4 + -N were 75.8%, 63.7%, and 77.9%, respectively [38]; this difference may have been caused by higher initial concentrations of these substances than those reported by Chen et al Pond wetlands are ecological purification systems composed of muddy sediments, plants, and microbes. Multiple factors affect purification effects, such as wetland surface area, physical and chemical properties of sediments, wetland plants, microbial growth, physiological and biochemical activities, hydraulic retention time, and water depth [39][40][41]. This study showed that the respective removal rates for TN and TP can reach above 8.6% and 22.9% through dredging of sediments, selection of appropriate wetland plants, and control of hydraulic retention time and paddy to wetland area ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Integrating Ecological Restoration of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Poyang Lake Basin in China

Cai

Shi²,

Pan

et al. 2017

Water

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This study addresses the excessive consumption of river basin water from the Poyang Lake area in China. Consumption of water for irrigation, together with the discharge of agricultural non-point source pollution, is seriously affecting the water quality of Poyang Lake. This study assesses the application of integrated ecological restoration technology for agricultural non-point source pollution in the Ganfu Plain Area, which is an important agricultural production base in the Poyang Lake basin. The results indicated that the water-fertilizer comprehensive regulation mode for double-cropping rice provided water savings of 10.4% and increased rice yield by 6.5% per hectare. Furthermore, it reduced drainage water pollution by 20.4%, and emissions of ammonium nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), nitrate nitrogen (NO 3 − -N), total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) from rice paddy surfaces by 18.6%, 11.1%, 15.4%, and 16.0%, respectively. The eco-channel-pond wetland system effectively reduced TN and TP pollutant levels in rice paddy drainage water; the eco-channel reduced TN and TP by 9.3% and 14.0%, respectively; and the pond wetland system showed reductions of 8.6% and 22.9%, respectively. The "three lines of defense" purification technology, including rice field source control, eco-channel interception, and pond wetland purification, removed 29.9% of TN and 44.3% of TP.

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“…Flow and mixing patterns through backwater systems like the Finger Lakes are typically not at steady state or fully mixed reactors (Holland et al 2004). Bathymetric complexity, embayments, dendritic shoreline features, and aquatic macrophytes affect the distribution of flow patterns, resulting in spatial differences in nitrate nitrite-N delivery, which would be a determinant in overall nitrate nitrite-N uptake capacity and efficiency.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrate Uptake Capacity and Efficiency of Upper Mississippi River Flow-Regulated Backwaters

James¹,

Richardson²,

Søballe³

2007

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PURPOSE:In-stream uptake and processing of nitrate nitrite-N may be improved in large river systems by increasing hydrological connectivity between the main channel and adjoining backwaters, wetlands, and floodplain areas. Engineering designs to increase connectivity and loading to backwaters need to consider nitrate nitrite-N uptake capacity and efficiency in relation to hydraulic loading and residence time in order to optimize in-stream N processing. These relationships were examined during three summer periods for a series of backwater systems on the Upper Mississippi River that received flow-regulated nitrate nitrite-N loads via gated culverts.BACKGROUND: Nitrogen (N) runoff to receiving streams and rivers, particularly in the form of nitrate-nitrite-N, has increased several-fold in recent decades (Justic et al. 1995, Vitusek et al. 1997, Goolsby and Battaglin 2001. A consequence of accelerated N mobilization and transport has been water quality degradation of coastal areas and estuaries sensitive to N inputs (Nixon 1995). For instance, increased N loading from the Mississippi River basin has been associated with the development of extensive areas of anoxia and hypoxia (Rabalais et al. 1994) and declines in fish and invertebrate abundance (Pavela et al. 1983) in the Gulf of Mexico. Continued unchecked N loading to coastal systems could lead to significant declines in the diversity and abundance of higher trophic levels and increased bloom frequency of noxious and toxic algae (Vitusek et al. 1997).

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Effects of wetland depth and flow rate on residence time distribution characteristics

Cited by 139 publications

References 17 publications

Do geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape functions?

Do geographically isolated wetlands influence landscape functions?

Integrating Ecological Restoration of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution in Poyang Lake Basin in China

Nitrate Uptake Capacity and Efficiency of Upper Mississippi River Flow-Regulated Backwaters

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