Effects of Weight Loss and Exercise on Apelin Serum Concentrations and Adipose Tissue Expression in Human Obesity

Krist, Joanna; Wieder, Katharina; Klöting, Nora; Oberbach, Andreas; Kralisch, Susan; Wiesner, Tobias; Schön, Michael P.; Gärtner, Daniel; Dietrich, Arne; Shang, E.; Lohmann, Tobias; Dreßler, Miriam; Faßhauer, Mathias; Stümvoll, Michael; Blüher, Matthias

doi:10.1159/000348667

Cited by 107 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Furthermore, there is a greater expression in white adipose tissue compared with the subcutaneous adipose tissue in accordance with the data of OLEFT rats [81,82]. Several research groups have found gender differences in serum vaspin.…”

Section: Vaspinsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Adipokines and their Involvement as a Target of New Drugs

Raimo¹

2015

J Pharmacovigil

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Globesity is referred to a global epidemic of obesity, affecting millions of individuals. Molecules released by the enlarged adipose tissue, most of which are pro-inflammatory, have been named adipokines. The present review deals with function, molecular targets and the potential clinical relevance of adipokines. Currently, more than 600 adipokines have been identified, many of them, including leptin, visfatin, resistin as well as Retinol Binding Protein4 may serve as informative markers for metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and play important roles in glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity as well as metabolic regulation of energy expenditure. Adiponectin on the contrary exerts anti-inflammatory and insulin sensitizing activity. Adiponectin has additional anti-atherogenic effects and low adiponectin serum concentrations are associated with in creased risk for cardiovascular diseases. The understanding of the role of adipokines has provided a wealth of information that has opened great opportunities for new therapeutic advances. Adiponectin may be the most prominent example for the potential use of an adipokine in the treatment of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases. In many studies, administration of recombinant adiponectin results in improved insulin sensitivity, increased insulin secretion and beneficial effects on body weight and hyperglycemia. Up-regulation of adiponectin/adiponectin receptors or enhancing adiponectin receptor function may be an interesting therapeutic strategy for obesity-linked insulin resistance. Moreover, the therapeutic use of combined amylin/leptin agonism (with pramlintide and metreleptin) demonstrated a significant weight-lowering effect in obese subjects. Therefore, adipokines may be clinically relevant either as therapeutic tools or as target in the treatment of obesity related diseases. Journal of PharmacovigilanceJou rn a l o f P harma c o v ig il a nc e

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Section: Vaspinsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Vaspin expression was also found in hypothalamus, stomach and pancreatic islets [82] but is not expressed in the subcutaneous tissue, brown adipose tissue and other not fat tissues.…”

Section: Vaspinmentioning

confidence: 93%

Adipokines and their Involvement as a Target of New Drugs

Raimo¹

2015

J Pharmacovigil

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“…Apelin expression in adipose tissue is regulated by nutritional status. In obese subjects, APJ-apelin expression is increased and this up-regulation could be reversed after diet or surgery-induced weight loss [141] . Moreover, changes in insulin levels might be involved for both apelin and APJ regulations in adipose tissue, according to the severity of insulin resistance [140] .…”

Section: Apelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first report in humans of plasma apelin concentrations was shown in obese and hyperinsulinemic subjects [139,141] where plasma apelin levels are increased. In morbidly obese patients with or without diabetes, apelin levels were only higher in the diabetic morbidly obese subjects [151] .…”

Section: Apelinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adipose tissue and vascular inflammation in coronary artery disease

Golia¹,

Limongelli²,

Natale³

et al. 2014

WJC

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Obesity has become an important public health issue in Western and developing countries, with well known metabolic and cardiovascular complications. In the last decades, evidence have been growing about the active role of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ in determining these pathological consequences. As a consequence of the expansion of fat depots, in obese subjects, adipose tissue cells develope a phenotypic modification, which turns into a change of the secretory output. Adipocytokines produced by both adipocytes and adipose stromal cells are involved in the modulation of glucose and lipid handling, vascular biology and, moreover, participate to the systemic inflammatory response, which characterizes obesity and metabolic syndrome. This might represent an important pathophysiological link with atherosclerotic complications and cardiovascular events. A great number of adipocytokines have been described recently, linking inflammatory mileu and vascular pathology. The understanding of these pathways is crucial not only from a pathophysiological point of view, but also to a better cardiovascular disease risk stratification and to the identification of possible therapeutic targets. The aim of this paper is to review the role of Adipocytokines as a possible link between obesity and vascular disease. Key words: Adipocytokines; Obesity; Metabolic syndrome; Coronary artery disease; Inflammation Core tip: Our article, provide a comprehensive review of the evidence about adipose tissue and cardiovascular risk, focusing on the pathophysiological and clinical role of fat-derived mediators, the so-called adipocytokines.

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“…Yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda apelinin biyolojik olarak en aktif formunun 13 aminoasitten oluşan apelin-13 olduğu ve etkilerini APJ reseptörüne bağlanarak ortaya koyduğu gösterilmiştir [20,21] mRNA'nın özellikle yüksek konsantrasyonda beyincik, damar endoteli, kalp, akciğer, böbrek ve prostat dokusunda olduğu belirlenmiştir [20,[22][23][24][25]. Hem apelininin hemde reseptörünün insan prostat dokusunda tespit edilmesi [25], vücutta artan yağ doku miktarı ile apelin sentezinin arttığının bilinmesi [26,27] ve kanser gelişiminde obezitenin bir risk faktörü olması [19,28], apelin ile prostat kanseri arasında bir ilişki olabileceğinin düşündürmektedir. Yapılan çalışmalarla apelinin anjiyojenezi, lenfanjiyogenezi ve tümör büyümesini uyardığı gösterilmiştir [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified