Effects of weight changes in the autonomic nervous system: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Costa, João; Moreira, André; Moreira, Pedro; Delgado, Luís; Silva, Diana

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.01.006

Cited by 65 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Notably, risk factors for severe COVID-19 such as diabetes, heart disease, ageing and obesity are characterized by autonomic nervous system imbalance. [67][68][69][70] These patients are expected to be more sensitive to further compromise of the cholinergic nervous system due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Farsalinos

Barbouni

Poulas

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

161

154

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Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and effects of current smoking on adverse outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A systematic review of the literature (PubMed) identified 18 (from a total of 1398) relevant studies. Pooled current smoking prevalence was compared with the gender-adjusted and gender and age-adjusted, population-based expected prevalence by calculating prevalence odds ratio (POR). The association between current, compared with non-current and former, smoking and adverse outcome was examined. A secondary analysis was performed by including 12 pre-publications (30 studies in total). All analyses were performed using random-effects meta-analysis. Results: Among 6515 patients, the pooled prevalence of current smoking was 6.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.8–9.1%]. The gender-adjusted POR was 0.20 (95% CI: 0.16–0.25, p < 0.001), and the gender and age-adjusted POR was 0.24 (95% CI: 0.19–0.30, p < 0.001). Current smokers were more likely to have an adverse outcome compared with non-current smokers [odds ratio (OR): 1.53, 95%CI: 1.06–2.20, p = 0.022] but less likely compared with former smokers (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.27–0.74, p = 0.003). When pre-publications were added ( n = 10,631), the gender-adjusted POR was 0.27 (95% CI: 0.19–0.38, p < 0.001) and the gender and age-adjusted POR was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.24–0.48, p < 0.001). Conclusion: This meta-analysis of retrospective observational case series found an unexpectedly low prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Hospitalized current smokers had higher odds compared with non-current smokers but lower odds compared with former smokers for an adverse outcome. Smoking cannot be considered a protective measure for COVID-19. However, the hypothesis that nicotine may have a protective effect in COVID-19 that is partially masked by smoking-related toxicity and by the abrupt cessation of nicotine intake when smokers are hospitalized should be explored in laboratory studies and clinical trials using pharmaceutical nicotine products.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Farsalinos

Barbouni

Poulas

et al. 2020

Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease

161

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…To compare pre-and the post-intervention program was used Student t test, and the level of significance was set an at 5%. When there were significant differences pre-post intervention, the magnitude of mean differences was analyzed by the Cohen's d effect size, considering 0.2 as small effect size, 0.5 as medium effect size, and 0.8 as large effect size (Cohen, 1969).…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2019

JPES

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Purpose: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of a multidisciplinary intervention program on cardiovascular risk factors in obese women. Participated 33 obese women, classified by the body mass index-BMI ≥ 30kg/m². Material: The intervention program had a duration of the 12 weeks, and consisted of nutritional and psychological support, as well as physical exercise orientation, with a supervision single weekly session for 60 min, being the participants stimulated to do physical exercise in the other days of the week. Pre-and postintervention were measured the anthropometrics, as body weight, stature, lean body mass, fat mass, BMI; metabolic, as total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose; hemodynamic parameters, as blood pressure and heart rate; and autonomic cardiac from the heart rate variability, with analyses in the frequency-domain, through the relative power of the low-frequency band (0.04-0.15 Hz) in normal units (LFnu) and relative power of the highfrequency band (0.15-0.4 Hz) in normal units (HFnu). Results: The intervention program promoted significant decrease in the body weight (-2%), BMI (-1.9%), fat mass (-2.1%), triglycerides (-2%), diastolic blood pressure (-10.6%), LFnu (-22.1%) and increase of the HFnu (+53.1%), resulting in a reduction of the LF:HF ratio, reducing the cardiac sympathetic modulation and increasing the parasympathetic modulation. Conclusions: These results suggest that a multidisciplinary intervention program is effective in the beginning of the treatment of obesity and to the reduction of risk factors for cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases.

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“…Costa et al [37] kommen in ihrer Metaanalyse zu ähnlichen Schlussfolgerungen. Sie gehen davon aus, dass der erzielte Gewichtsverlust die parasympathische Aktivität erhöht und gleichzeitig die sympathische Aktivität verringert.…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

Vergleich von hoch- und mittelintensiven Gewichtsabnahmeprogrammen bei Adipositas Grad 2 und 3 – eine randomisierte klinische Untersuchung

Schröder

Boldt

Kundt

et al. 2018

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel

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ZusammenfassungDie Adipositas ist eine multifaktoriell verursachte Erkrankung mit steigender Prävalenz. Sie geht häufig einher mit einer verminderten körperlichen Belastbarkeit und Beschwerden in den beanspruchten Gelenken. Gleichzeitig besteht ein erhöhtes Risiko für Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Tumoren. In vielen Fällen ist der Lebensalltag der Patienten spürbar eingeschränkt. Die derzeitige Therapie besteht aus einer Ernährungs- und Verhaltensumstellung sowie adäquater Bewegung. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es zu prüfen, inwiefern ein klinikeigenes Trainingsprogramm herkömmlichen multimodalen Therapieregimen im Hinblick auf die Gewichts- und BMI-Reduktion ebenbürtig oder gar überlegen ist. Zugleich wurde der Einfluss der Trainingsmaßnahmen auf den Blutdruck, den Blutzucker, das Cholesterin und die Lipoproteine untersucht. Insgesamt wurden 59 Adipositaspatienten per Losverfahren zwei Behandlungsgruppen zugeteilt, wobei die eine Gruppe traditionelle multimodale Therapiemaßnahmen (DOC-Weight®, DW) und die andere Gruppe ein klinikeigenes Training (SMART-Weight, SW) absolvierte, jeweils wöchentlich über einen Zeitraum von 12 Monaten. Das Studiendesign entsprach einer monozentrischen und randomisierten Untersuchung zweier Behandlungsgruppen. Die Datenaufnahme erfolgte zu drei Messzeitpunkten: zu Interventionsbeginn, nach 6 sowie nach 12 Monaten. 37 Patienten (63 %) nahmen bis zum Schluss an der Untersuchung teil. Beide Gruppen trainierten multimodal – die Faktoren Ernährung, Verhalten und Bewegung.In beiden Gruppen ließen sich positive und statistisch signifikante Trainingseffekte hinsichtlich der Reduzierung des BMI und des Bauchumfangs nachweisen. Zudem reduzierte sich der diastolische Blutdruck nur in der Gruppe SW sehr signifikant. Gleichzeitig verminderte sich in dieser Gruppe das Cholesterin in signifikantem Umfang. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollte auch die Frage der Einflussfaktoren auf den Therapieerfolg (Reduzierung des BMI um 5 % nach 12 Monaten) geklärt werden. Es sind der Blutzuckerspiegel, der Bauchumfang und tendenziell das Geschlecht.Die Untersuchungsergebnisse bestätigen die bekannten positiven Effekte multimodaler Therapien hinsichtlich der Reduzierung von BMI und Bauchumfang. Gleichzeitig konnte mit dem klinikeigenen Therapieprogramm eine Behandlungsalternative aufgezeigt werden, die eine nochmalige Verbesserung des diastolischen Blutdrucks und des Cholesterins mit sich bringt.

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Effects of weight changes in the autonomic nervous system: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 65 publications

References 57 publications

Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Current smoking, former smoking, and adverse outcome among hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Untitled

Vergleich von hoch- und mittelintensiven Gewichtsabnahmeprogrammen bei Adipositas Grad 2 und 3 – eine randomisierte klinische Untersuchung

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