Effects of Watercress Containing Rutin and Rutin Alone on the Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Osteoblast-like MG-63 Cells

Abstract

Most known osteoporosis medicines are effective for bone resorption, and so there is an increasing demand for medicines that stimulate bone formation. Watercress (N. officinale R. Br.) is widely used as a salad green and herbal remedy. This study analyzed a watercress extract using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry, and identified a rutin as one of its major constituents. Osteogenic-related assays were used to compare the effects of watercress containing rutin (WCR) and rutin alone on the proliferation and differentiation of human osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. The reported data are expressed as percentages relative to the control value (medium alone; assigned as 100%). WCR increased cell proliferation to 125.0±4.0% (mean±SD), as assessed using a cell viability assay, and increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase, an early differentiation marker, to 222.3±33.8%. In addition, WCR increased the expression of collagen type I, another early differentiation marker, to 149.2±2.8%, and increased the degree of mineralization, a marker of the late process of differentiation, to 122.9±3.9%. Rutin alone also increased the activity of ALP (to 154.4±12.2%), the expression of collagen type I (to 126.6±6.2%), and the degree of mineralization (to 112.3±5.0%). Daidzein, which is reported to stimulate bone formation, was used as a positive control; the effects of WCR on proliferation and differentiation were significantly greater than those of daidzein. These results indicate that WCR and rutin can both induce bone formation via the differentiation of MG-63 cells. This is the first study demonstrating the effectiveness of either WCR or rutin as an osteoblast stimulant.

Nephroprotective Effect of Nasturtium Officinale (Watercress) Ethanol Extract and Vitamin E on Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats

“…Based on these data, renal tubular ischemia due to the oxidative effects of VCM is the main known mechanism of VIN (5,12,13). ditional medicine, the leaves of the plant are widely used as diuretic, expectorant, blood purifier, hypoglycemic, and odontolgic (14)(15)(16)(17). Yazdanparast and colleagues reported that watercress supplementation in diet decreases serum lipids and alters blood antioxidant status in hypercholesterolaemic rats (18).…”

Watercress-based electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds enhance proliferation and stemness preservation of human adipose-derived stem cells

“…Plant extracts have been used to treat cancers due to their effective anticancer properties [14]. In addition to the anti-cancer effects, various plant extracts have also been studied for its proliferation and differentiation effects of stem cells [15][16][17]. Watercress with the botanical name Nasturtium officinale is a perennial European herb of the family Cruciferae (mustard family) that grows in freshwater streams.…”

“…Watercress is rich in potent antioxidants, vitamins, iodine, calcium, iron, manganese and isothiocyanates [18,19]. Moreover, it has been reported to have numerous medicinal effects including antimicrobial, diuretic, antihypertensive, anti-diabetes, anti-cancer and particularly for it's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [16,18,20,21].…”

Emerging Importance of Phytochemicals in Regulation of Stem Cells Fate via Signaling Pathways

“…Similar to quercetin, rutin increases mMSCs proliferation at the high dose of 400 μM and induces osteoblastic differentiation by enhancing ALP activity, expression of important osteoblastic differentiation markers, and some degree of mineralization (Srivastava et al ., ). Also, rutin could induce proliferation and differentiation of MG‐63 cells at the concentrations of 10 and 25 μg/mL without any cytotoxicity effect (Hyun et al ., ). This result suggests that watercress and its main compound, rutin, are useful in inducing the osteoblastic activity, which in turn causes bone regeneration via synthesis of Col‐1 and enhancing the activity of ALP.…”

“…Rutin (quercetin‐3‐ O ‐rutinoside), which is abundant in vegetables such as watercress, as a dietary glycoside, possesses vasoconstrictive effects and prevents inflammation and ovariectomy‐induced osteopenia (Hyun et al ., ; Pourhassan‐Moghaddam et al ., ). Similar to quercetin, rutin increases mMSCs proliferation at the high dose of 400 μM and induces osteoblastic differentiation by enhancing ALP activity, expression of important osteoblastic differentiation markers, and some degree of mineralization (Srivastava et al ., ).…”