Effects of waterborne Pb/Cu mixture on Chinese toad, Bufo gargarizans tadpoles: morphological, histological, and intestinal microbiota assessment

Evaluating the Effects of Cu2+ on the Development and Reproduction of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Based on the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table

“…Similar results have been observed for other heavy metals such as Cadmium (Cd) ( Baghban et al 2014 ), Zn ( Ali et al 2019 ), and Pb ( Shu et al 2015 ). Intestinal microbiota imbalance by the disruption of midgut structure affects nutrient and energy absorption ( Chai et al 2022 ), which reduces the survival, growth, and development of insects. The survival rate of the younger larvae (2nd and 3rd instars) of S. litura was lower than that of older larvae with increasing Cu 2+ concentrations, suggesting that younger larvae may be less tolerant to heavy metals ( Jiang et al 2018 ).…”

Examining Innovative Technologies: Nano-Chelated Fertilizers for Management of Wheat Aphid (Schizaphis graminum Rondani)

“…Furthermore, it has been established that an elevated level of copper ions results in significant harm to the insect’s midgut [ 60 ]. The damaging impacts of the elevated copper concentration on the midgut’s microbial flora lead to a decline in the insect’s ability to survive and disrupt its development [ 61 ]. In investigations concerning the impact of elevated copper concentrations, Proisotoma minuta demonstrated elevated mortality, slow development, and diminished reproduction in jars holding the soil with the maximum concentration of Cu [ 62 ].…”

Effects of Dietary Changes on the Gut Microbiota of <italic>Cynops orientalis</italic>

“…Studying various factors that affect the host gut microbial assembly and structure, elucidating the dynamic shifts in diversity and composition of microbes, and analyzing the host′s gut microbial adaptive mechanisms in reaction to various external disturbances are important for protecting amphibians. In the past 30 years, research on the association between amphibians and their gut microbial composition has mainly focused on the order Anura, such as Xenopus tropicalis, Rana dybowskii, Bufo gargarizans, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, and Fejervarya limnocharis (Chai et al, 2022;Huang et al, 2021;Huang et al, 2022;Li et al, 2020;Tong et al, 2020a;Xu et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2023;Zhao et al, 2022;Zheng et al, 2021;Zhu et al, 2023), while only a few studies have focused on the order Caudata (Jiang et al, 2022;Li et al, 2022;Lv et al, 2022;Mu et al, 2018). Although knowledge about environmental factors driving shifts in the gut microbiota of amphibians is constantly being supplemented, the understanding of the external environment on the composition, source, and dynamic shifts of the gut microbiota of Caudata is still limited.…”