Effects of water immersion on gait initiation: part II of a case series after incomplete spinal cord injury

Marinho-Buzelli, Andresa R; Barela, Ana Maria Forti; Craven, B. Catharine; Masani, Kei; Rouhani, Hossein; Popović, Miloš R.; Verrier, Mary C.

doi:10.1038/s41394-019-0231-7

Cited by 3 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Regarding the temporal-related quantities evaluated with the present protocol, no differences were observed in the duration of the APA between the two conditions ( Figure 3 ). The comparison and the values found here match the ones obtained in previous studies analyzing iSCI patients [ 19 ] and healthy populations [ 27 ], although evaluated with force platforms. The first step duration was found to be higher in water (see Figure 3 ) than on dry land, with a median value of 1.44 s (inter-quartile range: 0.42 s) vs. 0.70 s (inter-quartile range: 0.23 s), respectively.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The first step duration was found to be higher in water (see Figure 3 ) than on dry land, with a median value of 1.44 s (inter-quartile range: 0.42 s) vs. 0.70 s (inter-quartile range: 0.23 s), respectively. Previous studies using center of pressure measurements with a force platform found a similar increase in this phase of gait initiation [ 19 , 27 ]. Specifically, using the center of pressure pattern, Marinho-Buzelli et al [ 19 , 27 ] were able to distinguish between weight transfer to stance limb (in ML direction) and stepping forward (in AP direction) execution phases: the increased duration of the first step execution was mainly attributed to the latter phase in healthy and iSCI patients [ 19 , 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Previous studies using center of pressure measurements with a force platform found a similar increase in this phase of gait initiation [ 19 , 27 ]. Specifically, using the center of pressure pattern, Marinho-Buzelli et al [ 19 , 27 ] were able to distinguish between weight transfer to stance limb (in ML direction) and stepping forward (in AP direction) execution phases: the increased duration of the first step execution was mainly attributed to the latter phase in healthy and iSCI patients [ 19 , 27 ]. In the present analysis, it was not possible to identify the two sub-phases of the first step execution phase due to the technology exploited and the limited number of sensors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…Lastly, the APA was selected from the APA candidates as the one immediately preceding the toe-off of the first step. Once the APA onset and offset were obtained, the following APA measures, as used in Mancini et al [ 20 ] and Marhino-Bulzelli et al [ 19 , 27 ], were computed separately for dry-land and water conditions. Temporal measures: APA duration (

), defined as the interval between the APA onset and APA offset.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A case series analyzing quasi-static standing balance during water immersion after iSCI found an increased center of pressure sway and upper to lower trunk acceleration ratios in the antero-posterior (AP) direction with respect to dry-land conditions, reflecting the balance and sensorimotor impairment of the participants [ 18 ]. Specifically, during gait initiation in water immersion, a few individuals showed a faster APA and slower execution phase compared to dry land, together with a different trunk control strategy [ 19 ]. In both studies, participants perceived the motor task to be more challenging in water but safer than on dry land.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aquatic Therapy after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Gait Initiation Analysis Using Inertial Sensors

Fantozzi

Borra

Cortesi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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Populations with potential damage to somatosensory, vestibular, and visual systems or poor motor control are often studied during gait initiation. Aquatic activity has shown to benefit the functional capacity of incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI) patients. The present study aimed to evaluate gait initiation in iSCI patients using an easy-to-use protocol employing four wearable inertial sensors. Temporal and acceleration-based anticipatory postural adjustment measures were computed and compared between dry-land and water immersion conditions in 10 iSCI patients. In the aquatic condition, an increased first step duration (median value of 1.44 s vs. 0.70 s in dry-land conditions) and decreased root mean squared accelerations for the upper trunk (0.39 m/s2 vs. 0.72 m/s2 in dry-land conditions) and lower trunk (0.41 m/s2 vs. 0.85 m/s2 in dry-land conditions) were found in the medio-lateral and antero-posterior direction, respectively. The estimation of these parameters, routinely during a therapy session, can provide important information regarding different control strategies adopted in different environments.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

), defined as the interval between the APA onset and APA offset.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Aquatic Therapy after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Gait Initiation Analysis Using Inertial Sensors

Fantozzi

Borra

Cortesi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The state of aquatic therapy use for clients with spinal cord injury or disorder: Knowledge and current practice

Marinho-Buzelli

Gauthier

Chan

et al. 2021

The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine

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Wearable technologies for monitoring aquatic exercises: A systematic review

et al. 2022

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Objective To review methods for aquatic exercise monitoring using wearables. Data sources Database search of PubMed, IEEEXplore, Scopus and Web of Science based on keywords, considering articles from the year 2000. The last search was performed on 26 October 2022. Review methods Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, eligible articles on water exercises were selected and summarized. Further screening process concentrated on studies exploiting wearable devices, organized according to demographics, purpose, protocols, outcomes and methods. A custom critical appraisal questionnaire was applied. Results Out of the 1062 articles identified, 572 were considered eligible and subjected to preliminary synthesis. The final review focused on 27 articles featuring wearable devices applied to aquatic exercises. Four studies were disregarded as they applied wearable devices to determine daily physical activity or for sleep monitoring after training. Summary tables of 23 studies exploiting wearable devices for underwater motion analysis are provided, specifying the investigated parameters, major outcomes and study quality. This review identified four research gaps: (a) the absence of clinical protocols for underwater motion studies, (b) a deficit of whole-body studies, (c) the lack of longitudinal studies monitored via wearable devices and (d) the reliance of underwater studies on measurement and assessment methods developed for land-based investigations. Conclusions This review emphasizes the need for both technological and methodological improvements for underwater motion analysis studies using wearables. We advocate for longitudinal clinical investigations with wearables to substantiate water exercise as an addition or replacement for land-based physical activity.

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Effects of water immersion on gait initiation: part II of a case series after incomplete spinal cord injury

Cited by 3 publications

References 19 publications

Aquatic Therapy after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Gait Initiation Analysis Using Inertial Sensors

Aquatic Therapy after Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Gait Initiation Analysis Using Inertial Sensors

The state of aquatic therapy use for clients with spinal cord injury or disorder: Knowledge and current practice

Wearable technologies for monitoring aquatic exercises: A systematic review

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