Effects of water extracts of Flaveria bidentis on the seed germination and seedling growth of three plants

Abstract

To further explore the mechanism behind the allelopathic effects of Flaveria bidentis, we investigated the allelopathic effects of water extracts from Flaveria bidentis leaves on three plants, Shanghai green, barnyard grass and wheat. The results showed that the water extracts inhibited the germination potential, germination rate, seedling height, root length, chlorophyll content, fresh weight and dry weight of the three plants, and increasing the extract concentration further increased the inhibitory effect. The allelopathic effects of the water extracts from Flaveria bidentis leaves on the three receptor plants differed in strength from strong to weak as follows: Shanghai green > barnyard grass > wheat. Thus, wheat had strong resistance to the allelopathic effects of Flaveria bidentis and could be planted in area where Flaveria bidentis occurs. The effect of the water extract from Flaveria bidentis leaves on the seed germination and seedling growth of barnyard grass was obvious; thus, this extract could be used for the biological control of barnyard grass.

Efficacy of Lamium album as a natural fungicide: impact on seed germination, ergosterol, and mycotoxins in Fusarium culmorum-infected wheat seedlings

“…This effect was in agreement with other studies, showing reduced wheat germination of seeds treated with Ulva linza or Corallina officinalis seaweeds (Hamouda et al, 2022), Flaveria bidentis (Dai et al, 2022) and aqueous extracts of weed plants: Hyptis sauveolens (L.), Ricinus communis (L.), Alternanthera sessilis (L.), Ipomoea carnea (Jacq), Malachra capitata (L.), and Cymbopogon citrutus (Stapf) (Joshi and Joshi, 2016). The decrease in germination percentage could be attributed to the potential phytotoxic or allelopathic effects of the extracts (Joshi and Joshi, 2016;Ma et al, 2011;Dai et al, 2022;Hamouda et al, 2022;Rys et al, 2022), such as the harmful or inhibitory impact that plant extracts may have on plant tissues or biological processes (Ma et al, 2011;Werrie et al, 2020) or chemical interactions between plants, which may be direct or indirect, beneficial or detrimental (Joshi and Joshi, 2016;Aurelio et al, 2022). The control group exhibited the longest wheat seedlings, with the lowest recorded dry weight compared to the treated wheat seeds.…”

Biochar-Dual Oxidant Composite Particles Alleviate the Oxidative Stress of Phenolic Acid on Tomato Seed Germination

“…When the treatment value (T) was equal to or greater than the control group value (C), the RI was calculated by RI = 1 − C/T. The RI was defined as RI = T/C − 1 if T was smaller than C. The synthetical allelopathic effect index (SE) was derived by calculating the arithmetic mean of the RI of all test indices in the same treatment [ 26 ].…”

Allelopathic Mechanisms in Camellia oleifera–Arachis hypogaea L. Intercropping

“…Distilled water served as a control. 28 The seeds, upon exposure to C. oleifera aqueous extract for 7 days, and then the radicle length, root length, and fresh weight of each sample were measured. 29,30 Germination potential (GP), germination rate (GR), germination index (GI), allelopathic effect index (RI), and synthetical effect of allelopathy index (SE) were calculated for each treatment group.…”

“…oleifera branch, fruit shell, leaf, and root aqueous extracts added. Distilled water served as a control …”