Effects of Waste Eggshells addition on Microstructures, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Green Metal Matrix Composite

Hayajneh, Mohammed T.; Almomani, Mohammed A.; Al-Shrida, Mu’ayyad M.

doi:10.1515/secm-2019-0027

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…According to the microstructure analysis, the matrix exhibits a homogeneous reinforcement distribution. The findings are consistent with those of previous studies (Agunsoye et al, 2015;Hayajneh et al, 2019;Bhoopathi and Ramesh, 2020), who found that when the concentration (Wt.%) of reinforcing particles increases beyond a certain threshold, ductility decreases. Drop in ductility of 65.7% was achieved at 20% of the reinforcement's brittle and hard ceramic particles (ESA and RHA reinforcing particles).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Reinforcing particles can be more evenly distributed and dispersed using the stir casting method. Reinforcement particulates are spread evenly all across the matrix, which is consistent with prior studies (Agunsoye et al , 2015; Hayajneh et al , 2019; Bhoopathi and Ramesh, 2020) based on microstructure investigation. Particles distribution and dispersion reinforcement can be greatly improved by casting in an electromagnetic field.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

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Grain size, coefficient of thermal expansion and corrosion behavior of eggshell and rice husk ash reinforced composite material

Islam

Dwivedi²,

Yadav

et al. 2022

WJE

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Purpose The purpose of this study to find an alternate method to minimize waste i.e., eggshell and rice husk ash. In this paper, eggshell (ES) and rice husk ash (RHA) particles are used as reinforcements for examining their effect on the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), grain size (GS) and corrosion behavior for developed composite material. Design/methodology/approach In this investigation, 5 Wt.% each of ES and RHA reinforcement particles have been introduced. To investigate the microstructures of the developed composite material, scanning electron microscope was used. Physical and mechanical properties of composite material are tensile strength and hardness that have been examined. Findings The result of this paper shows that number of grains per square inch for composition Al/5% ES/5% RHA composite was found to be 1,243. Minimum value of the volume CTE was found to be 6.67 × 10–6/°C for Al/5% ES/5% RHA composite. The distribution of hard phases of ES particles in metal matrix is responsible for improvements in tensile strength and hardness. These findings demonstrated that using carbonized ES as reinforcement provides superior mechanical and physical properties than using uncarbonized ES particles. Originality/value There are several articles examining the impact of varying Wt.% of carbonized ES and rice husk reinforcement on the microstructures and mechanical characteristics of metal composites. CTE, GS and corrosion behavior are among of the features that are examined in this paper.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Grain size, coefficient of thermal expansion and corrosion behavior of eggshell and rice husk ash reinforced composite material

Islam

Dwivedi²,

Yadav

et al. 2022

WJE

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“…Mondal et al [46] stated that with the reinforcement particles addition, composites sticking tendency with the counterface is reduced and resulted in improved wear resistance of the composites when compared with the base alloy. Similar behaviour has been observed in different studies where the reduction in wear loss was reported with the reinforcement particles addition [15,19,20].…”

Section: Effect Of Esa and B 4 C Particles On Wearsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…It was concluded that ES particles help to improve the composites wear resistance as indicated by analysis of variance. Hayajneh et al [20] investigated the effect of waste ES reinforcement on the mechanical and tribological characteristics of Al matrix composites and found that incorporation of 3 wt.% ES improved the wear resistance, compressive strength and hardness by 65%, 40% and 15%, respectively. Further increase in wt.% of ES has an adverse effect on the mechanical and tribological properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological behaviour of eggshell ash and boron carbide reinforced ZA-27 hybrid metal matrix composites under dry sliding conditions

Singh¹,

Mishra²,

Singh³

2021

Surf. Topogr.: Metrol. Prop.

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The present investigation intends to study the tribological behaviour of ZA-27 alloy reinforced with low-cost eggshell ash (ESA) and boron carbide (B 4 C) particles by utilizing a stir casting process to fabricate hybrid metal matrix composites. The percentage of ESA and B 4 C particles are added in the range of 0-5 wt.%. Composites being tested for density, porosity and microhardness. A pin-on-disc DUCOM tribometer used to investigate the friction and wear behaviour of composites with a varying load of 10 to 50 N at a constant sliding speed of 1 m s −1 and a fixed sliding distance of 1500 meter. To study the influence of speed on friction and wear behaviour, tribological testing was also performed at a sliding speed of 2 m s −1 and 3 m s −1 . The composites microstructure revealed the presence of ESA and B 4 C particles examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis confirmed the elemental composition of reinforcement particles present in the matrix. Composites density decreased when reinforced with ESA and B 4 C particles and the maximum decrease in density was about 3.12%. Porosity of the composites increased with the increase in wt.% of B 4 C particles. Addition of ESA and B 4 C particles significantly improved composites microhardness. The coefficient of friction (COF) and wear loss showed an increasing trend with the increase in load, whereas COF decreased and wear loss increased on higher sliding speeds. Composites showed superior wear resistance over base alloy under all test conditions. Worn surface morphology indicated the delamination, plastic deformation and ploughing at low speed, whereas abrasion was the dominant wear mechanism at higher sliding speeds. Therefore, this hybrid composite may have the potential to be used as a bearing material for tribological applications over monolithic ZA-27 alloy.

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“…The lowest value of COF was obtained for a variant with 4 wt % of filler. However, in the case of higher waste contents, a negative effect was observed, which was explained by the increase in porosity and agglomeration of particles [ 46 ]. In another study, Dwiwedi et al investigated the influence of eggshell reinforcement (0–10 wt %) on the composites based on the Al6061 aluminum alloy matrix [ 47 ].…”

Section: Agricultural Waste Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribological Performance of Composites Reinforced with the Agricultural, Industrial and Post-Consumer Wastes: A Review

Sydow

Wojciechowski

et al. 2021

Materials

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Waste management is still one of the leading global challenges in the 21st century. From the European Union’s point of view, the Waste Framework Directive obliges businesses and households to recycle at least 55% of their municipal waste by 2025 and to reach 65% in 2035. Hence there is a great need to seek new solutions for the reuse of various waste materials. One of the most widely used wastes is their utilization as fillers or reinforcements in the metal- or polymer-based composites. The reuse of wastes for the production of tribological materials gives not only environmental benefits related to the transformation of waste into raw materials but also may improve the mechanical and tribological properties of such materials. Moreover, the use of waste reduces the production costs resulting from the lower price of filler materials and longer service life of developed products. The purpose of the current review is, therefore, aimed at the evaluation of the reuse of agricultural, industrial and postconsumer wastes as reinforcements in the composites used for tribological applications. The tribological performance (wear rate, coefficient of friction) of both monolithic and hybrid composites reinforced with waste materials was a particular subject of interest in this review.

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Effects of Waste Eggshells addition on Microstructures, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Green Metal Matrix Composite

Cited by 15 publications

References 57 publications

Grain size, coefficient of thermal expansion and corrosion behavior of eggshell and rice husk ash reinforced composite material

Grain size, coefficient of thermal expansion and corrosion behavior of eggshell and rice husk ash reinforced composite material

Tribological behaviour of eggshell ash and boron carbide reinforced ZA-27 hybrid metal matrix composites under dry sliding conditions

Tribological Performance of Composites Reinforced with the Agricultural, Industrial and Post-Consumer Wastes: A Review

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