Effects of walnut seed coat polyphenols on walnut protein hydrolysates: Structural alterations, hydrolysis efficiency, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity

Su, Guowan; Chen, Jieqiong; Huang, Lin; Zhao, Mouming; Huang, Qingrong; Zhang, Jianan; Zeng, Xi; Zhang, Yehui; Deng, Liuxin; Zhao, Tiantian

doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137905

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…As shown in Figure D, the molecular weights of OVA and OVAH were 43 and <10 kDa, respectively. The smaller molecular weight of the hydrolysate generally corresponded to higher enzymatic efficiency . This result suggested that the OVA was broken down into low molecular weight peptides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification and Molecular Mechanism of Novel Two-Way Immunomodulatory Peptides from Ovalbumin: In Vitro Cell Experiments, De Novo Sequencing, and Molecular Docking

Li,

Abou-Elsoud,

Chen

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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The purpose of this study was to identify ovalbumin-derived immunomodulatory peptides by in vitro cell experiments, de novo sequencing, and molecular docking. Ovalbumin hydrolysates were prepared by two enzymes (alkaline protease and papain) individually, sequentially, or simultaneously, respectively. The simultaneous enzymatic hydrolysate (OVAH) had a high degree of hydrolysis (38.12 ± 0.48%) and exhibited immune-enhancing and anti-inflammatory activities. A total of 160 peptides were identified by LC−MS/MS in OVAH. Three novel peptides NVMEERKIK, ADQARELINS, and WEKAFKDE bound to TLR4-MD2 through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with high binding affinity and binding energies of −181.40, −178.03, and −168.12 kcal/mol, respectively. These three peptides were synthesized and validated for two-way immunomodulatory activity. NVMEERKIK exhibiting the strongest immunomodulatory activity, increased NO and TNF-α levels by 128.69 and 38.01%, respectively, in normal RAW264.7 cells and reduced NO and TNF-α levels by 27.31 and 39.13%, respectively, in lipopolysaccharideinduced inflammatory RAW264.7 cells. Overall, this study first revealed that ovalbumin could be used as an immunomodulatory source for controlling inflammatory factor secretion.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The smaller molecular weight of the hydrolysate generally corresponded to higher enzymatic efficiency. 26 This result suggested that the OVA was broken down into low molecular weight peptides. Cho et al 6 reported that papain-hydrolyzed OVA consisted of peptides ranging from 10 to 37 kDa.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Ovahmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification and Molecular Mechanism of Novel Two-Way Immunomodulatory Peptides from Ovalbumin: In Vitro Cell Experiments, De Novo Sequencing, and Molecular Docking

Li,

Abou-Elsoud,

Chen

et al. 2024

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Its medicinal efficacy is mostly related to the rich polyphenol and flavonoid components, which have antioxidant and immunity-enhancing effects, and has been a hotspot for research and development in recent years [ 26 – 28 ]. The walnut kernel consists of the embryo (seed kernel or kernel) and the endopleura (seed coat, kernel membrane), the walnut endopleura is wrapped in a layer of film on the surface of the kernel [ 29 , 30 ]. Within the walnut fruit shell, the kernel is surrounded by a protective tan-brown skin referred to as the endopleura.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic dynamic profiles of endopleura coloration during fruit maturation in three walnut cultivars

Liu,

Zhou,

et al. 2024

BMC Plant Biol

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Background The color of endopleura is a vital factor in determining the economic value and aesthetics appeal of nut. Walnuts (Juglans) are a key source of edible nuts, high in proteins, amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates. Walnut had a variety endopleura color as yellow, red, and purple. However, the regulation of walnut endopleura color remains little known. Results To understand the process of coloration in endopleura, we performed the integrative analysis of transcriptomes and metabolomes at two developmental stages of walnut endopleura. We obtained total of 4,950 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 794 metabolites from walnut endopleura, which are involved in flavonoid and phenolic biosynthesis pathways. The enrichment analysis revealed that the cinnamic acid, coniferyl alcohol, naringenin, and naringenin-7-O-glucoside were important metabolites in the development process of walnut endopleura. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed that the DEGs and differentially regulated metabolites (DRMs) were significantly enriched in flavonoid biosynthesis and phenolic metabolic pathways. Through co-expression analysis, CHS (chalcone synthase), CHI (chalcone isomerase), CCR (cinnamoyl CoA reductase), CAD (cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase), COMT (catechol-Omethyl transferase), and 4CL (4-coumaroyl: CoA-ligase) may be the key genes that potentially regulate walnut endopleura color in flavonoid biosynthesis and phenolic metabolic pathways. Conclusions This study illuminates the metabolic pathways and candidate genes that underlie the endopleura coloration in walnuts, lay the foundation for further study and provides insights into controlling nut’s colour.

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Enhancing functionality and bioactivity of walnut protein through limited enzyme digestion

Wang,

Bi,

Zhou

et al. 2024

J Sci Food Agric

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BACKGROUNDWalnut protein (WP) is recognized as a valuable plant protein. However, the poor solubility and functional properties limit its application in the food industry. It is a great requirement to improve the physicochemical properties of WP.RESULTSFollowing a 90 min restricted enzymatic hydrolysis period, the solubility of WP significantly increased from 3.24% to 54.54%, with the majority of WP hydrolysates (WPHs) possessing a molecular weight exceeding 50 kDa. Circular dichroism spectra showed that post‐hydrolysis, the structure of the protein became more flexible, while the hydrolysis time did not significantly alter the protein's secondary structure. After hydrolysis, WP's surface hydrophobicity significantly increased from 2279 to 6100. Furthermore, WPHs exhibited a strong capacity for icariin loading and micelle formation with critical micelle concentration values of 0.71, 0.99 and 1.09 mg mL−1, respectively. Moreover, similar immuno‐enhancement activities were observed in WPHs. After exposure to WPHs, the pinocytosis of RAW264.7 macrophages was significantly improved. WPH treatment also increased the production of nitric oxide, interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in macrophages. Up‐regulation of mRNA expressions of IL‐6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF‐α was observed in a dose‐dependent manner.CONCLUSIONThe enhancement of functionality and bioactivity in WP can be achieved through the application of limited enzyme digestion with trypsin. This process effectively augments the nutritional value and utility of the protein, making it a valuable component in various dietary applications. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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Effects of walnut seed coat polyphenols on walnut protein hydrolysates: Structural alterations, hydrolysis efficiency, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory capacity

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Identification and Molecular Mechanism of Novel Two-Way Immunomodulatory Peptides from Ovalbumin: In Vitro Cell Experiments, De Novo Sequencing, and Molecular Docking

Identification and Molecular Mechanism of Novel Two-Way Immunomodulatory Peptides from Ovalbumin: In Vitro Cell Experiments, De Novo Sequencing, and Molecular Docking

Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic dynamic profiles of endopleura coloration during fruit maturation in three walnut cultivars

Enhancing functionality and bioactivity of walnut protein through limited enzyme digestion

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