Effects of Volatile Constituents of Rosemary Extract on Lung Inflammation Induced by Diesel Exhaust Particles

Abstract

Epidemiological and experimental studies have implicated that diesel exhaust particles are involved in increases in morbidity and mortality from lung diseases. Recently, we have demonstrated that rosmarinic acid, a polyphenolic liquid component in perilla, inhibits lung inflammation induced by diesel exhaust particles in vivo, partly through its antioxidative property. We have also shown the antioxidative activities of volatile constituents of rosemary extract, the gaseous component in perilla, in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of intratracheal administration of volatile rosemary extract on lung inflammation induced by diesel exhaust particles. ICR mice were treated with intratracheal administration of volatile rosemary extract before intratracheal exposure to diesel exhaust particles. Twenty-four hr later, diesel exhaust particles exposure elicited lung inflammation characterized by the infiltration of neutrophils and eosinophils, which was confirmed by cellular profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and histological examination. Diesel exhaust particles enhanced the protein expressions of interleukin-1b, macrophage inflammatory protein-1a, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, and keratinocyte chemoattractant in the lung. Pretreatment with rosemary extract significantly inhibited the diesel exhaust particles-induced lung inflammation. Rosemary extract treatment also suppressed the diesel exhaust particles-enhanced lung expression of macrophage inflammatory protein-1a, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, and keratinocyte chemoattractant. These results suggest that intratracheal administration of rosemary extract can prevent lung inflammation induced by diesel exhaust particles. The preventive effect is mediated, at least partly, through the inhibition of the enhanced lung expressions of macrophage inflammatory protein-1a, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, and keratinocyte chemoattractants.

Emodin mitigates diesel exhaust particles-induced increase in airway resistance, inflammation and oxidative stress in mice

“…Increased levels of TNF␣ and IL-6 were reported in mice and rats exposed to DEP (Nemmar et al, 2009b(Nemmar et al, , 2012b. Also, it has been demonstrated that following exposure to DEP, expression of TNF␣, IL-6 and IL1␤ was upregulated in lungs of mice (Inoue et al, 2006;Sunil et al, 2009). In the present study, we showed that emodin consistently and significantly reduced the increase of TNF␣, IL-6 and IL1␤ induced by DEP in lung tissue confirming the anti-inflammatory action of this natural agent.…”

Screening of indigenous Palestinian medicinal plants for potential anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity

“…Numerous plants and plant constituents have already demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties and cytotoxic activities (Ali-Shtayeh et al, 2000;Atta and Alkofahi, 1998;Balan et al, 2007;Chithra and Leelamma, 2000;Choi and Hwang, 2004;Conforti et al, 2006;Corsi et al, 2002;Giner-Larza et al, 2001;Hernandez et al, 2001;Hibasami et al, 2003;Huang et al, 1994;Inoue et al, 2006;Kaur et al, 2003;Kumar et al, 2004;Manosroi et al, 2006;Matsuda et al, 2000;Ojewole, 2006;Sayyah et al, 2003;Winters, 2006), illustrating that there is still potential for novel innovative anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral agents to be identified from uncharacterized natural plant resources (Aggarwal et al, 2006a;Aggarwal and Shishodia, 2006;De Bosscher et al, 2005;Karin et al, 2004;Koehn and Carter, 2005;Kwok et al, 2001;Shishodia and Aggarwal, 2006;Surh, 2003). Moreover, the traditional folklore and ethnopharmacological knowledge is helpful to identify plants with presumable health-beneficial effects or potential anti-inflammatory and/or anti-tumoral activities.…”

“…Therefore, NFB is a central target for a variety of anti-inflammatory and anti-tumoral drugs (Karin et al, 2004;Karin and Greten, 2005;Aggarwal et al, 2006a;Aggarwal and Shishodia, 2006;Surh, 2003). This paper reports the screening of 24 selected medicinal plants (Table 1), previously mentioned in medicinal folklore or described in herbal text books and literature (Ali-Shtayeh et al, 2000;Atta and Alkofahi, 1998;Balan et al, 2007;Chithra and Leelamma, 2000;Choi and Hwang, 2004;Conforti et al, 2006;Corsi et al, 2002;Giner-Larza et al, 2001;Hernandez et al, 2001;Hibasami et al, 2003;Huang et al, 1994;Inoue et al, 2006;Kaur et al, 2003;Kumar et al, 2004;Manosroi et al, 2006;Matsuda et al, 2000;Ojewole, 2006;Sayyah et al, 2003;Winters, 2006), for their cytotoxicity against mouse fibrosarcoma (L929sA), human benign (MCF7) and metastatic (MDA-MB231) breast cancer cell types using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. Furthermore, as anti-inflammatory or anti-tumoral activities of various plant-derived agents, such as genistein, resveratrol, and curcumin have been reported to act through the inhibition of NFB activation (Aggarwal et al, 2006b;Bremner and Heinrich, 2002;Shukla and Gupta, 2004;Vanden Berghe et al, 2006), we further describe the NFB-modulatory activities of 9 out of 24 selected plant extracts, using an NFB reporter gene-based cell assay.…”

Insights in particulate matter‐induced allergic airway inflammation: Focus on the epithelium

“…In vivo research in mice, that is using specific knockout strains and monoclonal antibodies, can provide additional insights into potential mechanisms how air pollution can modulate (allergic) airway inflammation and offer the opportunity to validate hypotheses that have been generated by human studies. First, during acute DEPs-induced inflammatory lung responses, an increased expression of IL-1b 58,59,64,[169][170][171][172][173][174][175][176][177] and GM-CSF 139,178 in BALF and lung tissue were observed, whereas 1 study reported IL-25, IL-33 and TSLP as undetectable. 139 Moreover, the increased IL-1b and GM-CSF levels could be linked to PM or DEPs-induced inflammation and AHR.…”