Effects of Vitamin D3 on Intestinal Flora in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Rifaximin

Gu, Zijun; Duan, Mingxiu; Yan, Sun; Leng, Tian; Xu, Ting; Gu, Yang; Gu, Zejuan; Zheng, Lin; Yang, Lu; Ji, Minghui

doi:10.12659/msm.925068

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The use of rifaximin has been widely examined in cirrhosis and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), traveler’s diarrhea, etc. Using murine models, rifaximin reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production via alteration of microbiota composition [ 39 , 40 ]. Interestingly, in a murine model, rifaximin resulted in moderate reduction in HCC development in DEN-exposed animals via mechanisms involving intestinal microbiota and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in Gastrointestinal Cancers in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Rifaximin vs Lactulose Only Therapy for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Patel¹,

Li²,

Minacapelli³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background Rifaximin and/or lactulose therapy is widely used in cirrhotic patients for the prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. The incidence of gastrointestinal cancers in these patients on lactulose, rifaximin, and/or combination therapy is unknown. We investigated the possible effect of lactulose and rifaximin on cancer risk in patients with cirrhosis using the MarketScan database. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims databases from 2007-2017. An index date was defined for each participant as the earliest date of cirrhosis diagnosis. A baseline period for each participant was defined as the 12 months prior to the first medication date while the study follow-up period represented the period from the initiation of the medication to its cessation. ANOVA was used to compare all continuous measures of age and duration of medication. Wald Chi-square tests were performed to test the associations between the study groups. Results A total of 12,409 patients were included in our study. The rifaximin only cohort had the greatest reduction in risk of developing colon cancer, esophageal cancer, and stomach cancer compared to the other groups. Rifaximin reduced the risk of colon cancer and esophageal cancer by 59.42% and 70.37%, respectively, compared to patients taking lactulose only. Patients in the lactulose plus rifaximin cohort had the highest rate of development of pancreatic cancer (lactulose plus rifaximin vs rifaximin only vs lactulose only, 0.45% vs 0.24% vs 0.21%; P < 0.0001) and liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancers (11.73% vs 5.84% vs 5.49%; P < 0.0001). Conclusion Colon, esophageal, and gastric cancers had a marked incidence reduction in the rifaximin only cohort compared to the other cohorts studied.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction in Gastrointestinal Cancers in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Rifaximin vs Lactulose Only Therapy for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Patel¹,

Li²,

Minacapelli³

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…The deficiency of vitamin D increases the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria phyla, and Helicobacteraceae families, decreases the abundance of Firmicutes and Deferribacteres phyla, and also affects E-cadherin expression and reduces the number of tolerating dendritic cells [97]. However, the co-administration of vitamin D in the treatment of IBD with rifaximin can affect the gut microbiota and the efficacy of rifaximin [98]. Vitamin D promotes the growth of A. muciniphila to protect the intestinal mucosal barrier, and these effects are particularly important in combating the development of CRC [93].…”

Section: The Role Of Vitamin-microbiota Interaction In Ibd and Cacmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin–Microbiota Crosstalk in Intestinal Inflammation and Carcinogenesis

et al. 2022

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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) are common diseases of the digestive system. Vitamin deficiencies and gut microbiota dysbiosis have a close relationship with the risk, development, and progression of IBD and CAC. There is a strong link between vitamins and the gut microbiome. Vitamins are extremely crucial for maintaining a healthy gut microbiota, promoting growth and development, metabolism, and innate immunity. Gut microbiota can not only influence the transport process of vitamins, but also produce vitamins to compensate for insufficient food intake. Emerging evidence suggests that oral vitamin supplementation can reduce inflammation levels and improve disease prognosis. In addition, improving the diet structure and consuming foods rich in vitamins not only help to improve the vitamin deficiency, but also help to reduce the risk of IBD. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and the application of vitamin-producing probiotics can better assist in the treatment of intestinal diseases. In this review, we discuss the interaction and therapeutic roles of vitamins and gut microbiota in IBD and CAC. We also summarize the methods of treating IBD and CAC by modulating vitamins. This may highlight strategies to target gut-microbiota-dependent alterations in vitamin metabolism in the context of IBD and CAC therapy.

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“…Additionally, rifaximin is a small intestine-specific pregnane X receptor agonist that inhibits the inflammatory response and reduces the release of proinflammatory factors [ 8 ]. Systemic inflammation is very common in decompensated cirrhotic patients and correlates with the severity of HE [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventive and therapeutic effects of rifaximin on hepatic encephalopathy with differential application dosages and strategies: a network meta-analysis

Fang,

Liu,

Liu

2024

BMC Gastroenterol

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Background Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome that affects the prognosis of patients with liver disease and is considered an independent risk factor for hospitalization and death. Rifaximin has been approved for HE treatment. This review will analyze the effect of rifaximin on different stages of HE with differential application dosages and strategies by traditional and network meta-analyses. Methods We performed a systematic search of PubMed, EmBase, and Cochrane Library databases up to February 26, 2023, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about rifaximin for the prevention and treatment of HE. The outcomes included incidence of HE and HE progression, HE reversal, mortality, and adverse effects. Results A total of 21 studies were included. In the primary prevention of HE, rifaximin significantly reduced the incidence of HE (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.45, 0.96; p = 0.032). In secondary prevention, rifaximin significantly reduced the risk of recurrence in patients who were in remission (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.52; p < 0.001). In the treatment of minimal HE, rifaximin significantly reduced the breakthrough of MHE to OHE (OR: 0.17; 95% CI: 0.04,0.63; p = 0.008). Rifaximin also significantly improved the clinical symptoms of MHE and OHE patients (OR: 3.76; 95% CI: 2.69, 5.25; p < 0.001). However, rifaximin did not reduce mortality at any stage in HE patients (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.58, 1.08; p = 0.133). Additionally, rifaximin did not increase the risk of adverse effects (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.74, 1.24; p = 0.749). In the network meta-analysis, the 400 mg T.I.D. intervention had a relative advantage for HE risks in primary and secondary prevention. In the treatment of MHE, 600 mg b.i.d. was superior in preventing the breakthrough from MHE to OHE. Conclusion Rifaximin prevented HE risks and progression and improved clinical symptoms in patients with MHE but did not reduce mortality. For primary and secondary prevention, 400 mg t.i.d. could be considered. 600 mg b.i.d. could be considered in patients with MHE.

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Effects of Vitamin D3 on Intestinal Flora in a Mouse Model of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treated with Rifaximin

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Reduction in Gastrointestinal Cancers in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Rifaximin vs Lactulose Only Therapy for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Reduction in Gastrointestinal Cancers in Cirrhotic Patients Receiving Rifaximin vs Lactulose Only Therapy for Hepatic Encephalopathy

Vitamin–Microbiota Crosstalk in Intestinal Inflammation and Carcinogenesis

Preventive and therapeutic effects of rifaximin on hepatic encephalopathy with differential application dosages and strategies: a network meta-analysis

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