Effects of vitamin A, C and E, or omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the level of paraoxonase and arylesterase activity in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: an investigation of activities in plasma, and heart and liver homogenates

Zarei, Mahnaz; Fakher, Shima; Tabei, Kaoru; Javanbakht, Mohammad Hassan; Derakhshanian, Hoda; Farahbakhsh-Farsi, Payam; Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza; Mostafavi, Ehsan; Djalali, Mahmoud

doi:10.11622/smedj.2015102

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Similarly, as in the mentioned study, the results of our study could be explained by several mechanisms. Besides the influence on the neural circulation [54,55], restoration of Na, K-ATPase activity [56,57] and Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) tissue expression [58], as well as the increased insulin sensitivity [59] and the wide spectrum of anti-inflammatory effects [60,61], could contribute to the neuroprotective effects of PUFAs, especially n3 [62,63].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different n6/n3 PUFAs Dietary Ratio on Cardiac Diabetic Neuropathy

Urlić

Urlic

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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We studied the influence of experimentally induced DM1, in combination with different dietary n6:n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on different types of nerve fibers in rat myocardium, in order to reveal whether protective/unfavorable effects of different PUFAs on myocardial function in diabetic patients could be a (partial) repercussion of their effect on the changes in cardiac innervation. The control group (c) and diabetic group (stz) were fed with an n6/n3 ratio of ≈7; the diet of the stz+n6 group had an n6/n3 ratio ≈60, while the diet for the stz+DHA group contained 2.5% of fish oil (containing 16% eicosapentaenoic acid—EPA and 19% docosahexaenoic acid—DHA), n6/n3 ratio of ≈1. DM1 was induced by i.p. injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg) and rats were euthanized 30 days after induction. Immunohistochemistry was used for the detection and quantification of different types of neuronal fibers in the cardiac septum. We found changes in cardiac innervations characteristics for the initial phase of experimental DM1, which manifested as an increase in total number and area density of all neuronal fibers, measured by Pgp9.5 immunoreactivity. By detailed analysis, we found that this increase consisted mostly of heavy myelinated NF200 immunoreactive fibers and TH immunoreactive sympathetic fibers, while the density of ChAT immunoreactive parasympathetic fibers decreased. In the deep (middle) part of the myocardium, where rare fibers (of all studied types) were found, significant differences were not found. Surprisingly, we found a more consistent protective effect of n6 PUFAs, in comparison to n3 PUFAs supplementation. These results may provide a better understanding of the potential impacts of different PUFA ratios in the diet of diabetic patients on cardiac innervation and genesis and outcome of diabetic autonomic cardiomyopathy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different n6/n3 PUFAs Dietary Ratio on Cardiac Diabetic Neuropathy

Urlić

Urlic

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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“…Reduced PON activity has been indicated in a variety of diseases involving oxidative stress including chronic renal failure [47] and specially in patients with diabetes or CVDs [48]. There are possible mechanisms for reduced PON activity in diabetes: 1) protein glycation and advanced glycation ends which is the major route of free radical production in patients with diabetes; 2) reduced PON gene expression; 3) inhibition of HDL synthesis or secretion which have been indicated to be related with serum PON [49].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on Paraoxonase 2 Gene Expression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial

et al. 2019

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is recognized as one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases, and it is mostly associated with oxidative stress, atherosclerosis and dyslipidemia. Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) due to its antioxidant properties may play a role in the atherosclerosis development. Although long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, the exact mechanism of action is still unknown. Our goal in this study was to determine the effect of EPA administration on gene expression of PON2 in patients with T2DM. Present study was a randomized, controlled double-blind trial. Thirty-six patients with T2DM were randomly allocated to receive 2 g/day EPA (n = 18) or placebo (n = 18) for 8 weeks. There were no significant differences between 2 groups concerning demographic or biochemical variables, and dietary intakes as well (p > 0.05). However, patients received EPA showed a significant increase in the gene expression of PON2 compared with placebo group (p = 0.027). In addition, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased and fasting blood sugar decreased significantly after EPA supplementation compared with control group. Taken together, supplementation with 2 g/day EPA could be atheroprotective via the upregulation of PON2 in patients with T2DM.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03258840

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