The vertical stacking of various two-dimensional (2D)
layered materials
to create van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) has received great
attention as a promising material for developing nanoelectronic and
optoelectronic devices. This is because such structures can inherit
the unique and favorable properties of a single 2D material. In this
study, a SnSe2/MoSe2 vdWH model was built for
the first time using the first-principles approach, and its electronic
and optical properties were systematically investigated. The results
reveal that the SnSe2/MoSe2 vdWH exhibits a
type-II heterostructure with a 0.167 eV indirect band gap, which facilitates
the separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Notably,
the electrical characteristics of the SnSe2/MoSe2 vdWH can be easily controlled by applying an external electric field
or biaxial strain. Specifically, a positive electric field or tensile
strain narrows the band gap, whereas a negative electric field or
compressive strain widens the band gap. The energy band alignment
shifts from a type-II to a type-I configuration when a negative electric
field of E = −0.6 V Å–1 or a compressive strain of 10% is applied. Furthermore, SnSe2/MoSe2 vdWHs exhibit improved optical absorption
across the visible to ultraviolet regions compared to the individual
monolayers of SnSe2 and MoSe2. Additionally,
the absorption can be influenced by external tension and electric
fields. Specifically, under significant compressive strains (10%),
the ultraviolet absorption peak reaches 33.5%. Interestingly, a red
shift occurs with tensile strain or a negative electric field, whereas
a blue shift occurs with compressive strain or a positive electric
field. The proposed SnSe2/MoSe2 vdWH in this
study offers valuable insights into electronic and optoelectronic
device development, particularly in the context of photovoltaic devices,
where enhanced ultraviolet absorption can lead to improved light-to-electricity
conversion efficiency.