Effects of venom gland extract of the black widow spider on rat brain and heart levels of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine

Intraarterial injection of alpha-latrotoxin (alpha LTx), the major toxin of the black widow spider (Latrodectus mactans tredecimguttatus) venom, into carotid catheterized rats, induced prompt and marked rises in plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline concentrations, indicating that the toxin stimulates catecholamine release from both the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerve terminals. Pretreatment with the ganglionic blocker chlorisondamine greatly reduced the plasma adrenaline response to alpha LTx but had almost no effect on the noradrenaline response, indicating that alpha LTx-stimulation of sympathetic nerve terminals is direct, whereas catecholamine release from the adrenal medulla is probably mediated by preganglionic release of acetylcholine. In vitro, alpha LTx induced a dose-dependent release of 3H-noradrenaline from rat irides preincubated with this radioactive amine and this effect was not changed by chlorisondamine plus atropine. By contrast, the toxin had no effect on 3H-noradrenaline release from suspensions of cultured rat chromaffin cells. Specific, high affinity binding of 125I-alpha LTx in iris and adrenal medulla homogenates was found to be exceedingly low, suggesting that it might be restricted to nerve terminals. No 125I-alpha LTx binding was seen nor could any effect of the toxin on 14C-5-hydroxytryptamine release be found in rat blood platelet preparations. alpha LTx binding and its amine releasing effect seem, therefore, to be specific for neurons and absent from other cells, even those, like adrenomedullary cells and blood platelets, which share with neurons their origin and/or other important characteristics.

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Peripheral catecholamine release by ?-latrotoxin in the rat

Picotti

Bondiolotti

Meldolesi

1982

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol.

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Selective presynaptic insectotoxin (α-latroinsectotoxin) isolated from black widow spider venom

Lg¹,

Федорова²,

Kovalevskaya³

et al. 1992

Neuroscience

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Effects of venom gland extract of the black widow spider on rat brain and heart levels of noradrenaline, 5-hydroxytryptamine and acetylcholine

Cited by 2 publications

References 9 publications

Peripheral catecholamine release by ?-latrotoxin in the rat

Peripheral catecholamine release by ?-latrotoxin in the rat

Selective presynaptic insectotoxin (α-latroinsectotoxin) isolated from black widow spider venom

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