Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on blood flow, motility and fluid transport in the gastrointestinal tract of the cat

Eklund, Stefan; Jodal, Mats; Lundgren, Ove; Sjöqvist, A.

doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.1979.tb00111.x

Cited by 120 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Intrarenal nerves immunoreactive for substance P, vasoactive intestinal peptide and calcitonin gene-related peptides have been reported (Barajas et al, 1983;Ferguson and Bell, 1985; Su et al, 1986), but the relative densities of peptidergic nerves on different parts of the arterial tree have not been thoroughly studied. Whether each peptide is synthesized by a separate nerve population or coexists with other peptides or with catecholamine, and whether each is contained in sensory or autonomic nerves are points of interest that require further study.Immunohistochemical methods have been used to visualize vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in both central and peripheral neurons, including those that innervate the heart and blood vessels where it is released by nerve stimulation and probably causes vasodilation (Della et al, 1983;Eklund et al, 1979;Heistad et al, 1980;Jarhult et al, 1980;Shimizu and Taira, 1979). Although several workers failed to detect VIP-immunoreactive (VIPI) nerves in pig, cat, rat, mouse, and guinea pig kidneys (Alm et al, 1980;Larsson et al, 1977;Uddman et al, 1981), Hokfelt et al (1978) showed that VIPI nerves innervate arteries in the guinea pig renal cortex, and Forssman et al (1982) found such nerves in kidneys of the guinea pig, rat, cat, dog, pig, and Tupaia and 0 1987 ALAN R. LISS, INC. noted that intrarenal distribution is subject to species variation.…”

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide‐immunoreactive nerves in the rat kidney

et al. 1987

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An indirect immunohistochemical method in which an avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex is bound to the secondary antibody was used to visualize vasoactive intestinal peptide-immunoreactive (VIPI) nerves in the rat kidney. Rats were perfused with 4% paraformaldehyde or 2% paraformaldehyde + 0.15% picric acid in 0.1 M phosphate buffer, then transferred to the buffer. After 24-48 hours, the kidneys were sectioned with a Vibratome at 200 or 300 micron and incubated in the primary antiserum for 18 hours at room temperature. A sparse plexus of VIPI nerves innervates the rat renal calyx. Some VIPI nerves innervate interlobar arteries and each succeeding segment of the arterial tree including afferent arterioles, but most innervate arcuate and interlobular arteries. VIPI axons do not innervate each arcuate artery or each interlobular branch of an arcuate artery with equal density. Although some axons follow each interlobular branch, most form a dense plexus on only one or two branches. Therefore, most VIPI nerves in the rat kidney innervate a restricted segment of the renal arterial tree. These nerves may be efferent and may selectively dilate arcuate and smaller arteries, or they may be afferent and may sense local changes in mechanical or chemical parameters.

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Vasoactive intestinal peptide‐immunoreactive nerves in the rat kidney

et al. 1987

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“…The present findings suggest that a local PYY release would lead to, for example, a decrease in blood supply and colonic smooth muscle tone. Thus, PYY has actions opposite to those of local vasodilating and smooth muscle contracting factors present in the intestinal mucosa, such as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (14,15) and substance P (16)(17)(18). In fact, in the submandibular salivary gland, PYY inhibits the atropine-resistant vasodilatation induced by parasympathetic nerve stimulation as well as the blood flow increase inducedby vasoactive intestinal polypeptide infusions (unpublished findings).…”

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“…After rinsing in sucrose and cryostat sectioning, the tissues were processed as described (9). Briefly, the sections were incubated in a humid atmosphere at 4°C for [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] In vivo experiments were performed in six cats anesthetized with chloralose (50 mg/kg) and urethane (100 mg/kg). Intestinal blood flow was recorded via a polyethylene catheter in the superior mesenteric vein connected to a closed silicone-filled drop chamber.…”

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Localization of peptide YY (PYY) in gastrointestinal endocrine cells and effects on intestinal blood flow and motility.

Lundberg¹,

Tatemoto²,

Terenius³

et al. 1982

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

319

136

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In immunohistochemical studies using antisera to peptide YY (PYY), a 36 amino acid polypeptide isolated from porcine duodenum, it was found that PYY-like immunoreactivity occurred mainly in endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa. PYY-immunoreactive cells were particularly abundant in the distal intestine and have been observed in five species, including man. By radioimmunoassay it was found that, in the rat, the amount of PYY immunoreactivity was about 100-fold higher in the colon than in the duodenum. The chromatographic profiles of PYY immunoreactivity from the rat colon and porcine PYY on a SP-Sephadex ion exchanger were similar. Furthermore, serial dilutions of extracts from the rat colon and porcine PYY had parallel displacement curves in radioimmunoassay. Close intraartei..d administration of PYY in cats caused an intestinal vasoconstriction and an inhibition ofjejunal and colonic motility. Simultaneously there was a rise in systemic arterial blood pressure. These effects of PYY were also observed after pretreatment with adrenergic blocking agents. It is concluded that PYY is a gastrointestinal peptide that is present mainly in endocrine cells of distal intestine and that has effects on both intestinal motility and the cardiovascular system. Pancreatic polypeptides (PPs) of 36 amino acids have been isolated from the pancreata of several species (1-3). Immunohistochemical studies suggest that a PP-like substance is also present in neurons (4,5). Recently a peptide with structural similarities to PP, peptide YY [PYY, the peptide (P) having NH2-terminal tyrosine (Y) and COOH-terminal tyrosine (Y) amide], has been isolated from porcine duodenum by making use ofan assay for its COOH-terminal tyrosine amide structure (6,7). In the present communication we report on the cellular localization of PYY, measurements and characterization using radioimmunoassay, and some of its effects on gastrointestinal functions. The results indicate that PYY is localized in gut endocrine cells of several species, including man, particularly in middle and distal intestine. Furthermore, PYY has a vasoconstrictor action and inhibits jejunal and colonic motility. We therefore propose that PYY is a gastrointestinal peptide with paracrine or hormonal actions. MATERIALS AND METHODSPYY isolated from porcine duodenum was used (6). Antisera to PYY were produced in rabbits by using a direct immunization procedure. PYY (50-100 ,g) was emulsified with Freund's adjuvant and injected intradermally at multiple sites. Booster doses were given subcutaneously at 2-week intervals for 2 months.PYY was labeled with "2I to a high specific activity (about The publication costs ofthis article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement' in accordance with 18 U. S. C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 4471200 Ci/mmol; 1 Ci = 3.7 X 1010 becquerels) by using the chloramine-T method (8). The peptide was separated from free iodine by chromatography on a small Sephadex G-25 col...

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“…Several authors speculated that VIP has a regulatory effect on transport of water and electrolytes, or on vasodilation (Barbezat et al, 1971;Eklund et al, 1979;Fahrenkrug et al, 1978;Krejs et al, 1978;Racusen and Binder, 1977;Schwartz et al, 1974;Thulin and Olsson, 1973). The presence of a number of VIPLI fibers in the lamina propria, particularly along the blood vessels of the stomach, supports these concepts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Three-dimensional distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing structures in the rat stomach and their origins using whole mount tissue

Inoue¹,

Shiosaka²,

Sasaki

et al. 1984

J. Neural Transmission

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The three-dimensional distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive (VIPLI) structures in rat stomach and their origins were investigated using the indirect immunofluorescence method in whole mounted tissue. The present study demonstrates a very dense VIPLI fiber meshwork in the circular muscle layer, longitudinal muscle layer and myenteric plexus. In the muscle layers VIPLI immunoreactive fibers run parallel to the muscle. VIPLI fibers are distributed evenly throughout the entire stomach. We have also shown by experimental manipulations that the fibers in the stomach originate from VIPLI neurons in the myenteric plexus.

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Effects of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide on blood flow, motility and fluid transport in the gastrointestinal tract of the cat

Cited by 120 publications

References 14 publications

Vasoactive intestinal peptide‐immunoreactive nerves in the rat kidney

Vasoactive intestinal peptide‐immunoreactive nerves in the rat kidney

Localization of peptide YY (PYY) in gastrointestinal endocrine cells and effects on intestinal blood flow and motility.

Three-dimensional distribution of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-containing structures in the rat stomach and their origins using whole mount tissue

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