Effects of Various Energy Suppliers in Green Processes for Obtaining Silver Nanoparticles

Abstract

The productions of stable suspensions of silver nanoparticles using a microwave reactor, an ultraviolet (UV) reactor, a low‐frequency low‐temperature plasma reactor, a high‐pressure reactor, and an open reactor are compared. All reactors served as sources of energy for stimulating the nanoparticle growth process. The silver nanoparticles were obtained based on the chemical reduction method. The processes were conducted using gallic acid as the reducing‐stabilizing substance. The influence of the variable parameters time (for all types of reactors), temperature (for the open and high‐pressure reactors), power (for the microwave reactor), energy density (for the UV reactor), and voltage (for the low‐frequency low‐temperature plasma reactor) was investigated. Temperature was found to be the most important factor influencing all processes.

Phytochemical-Mediated Green Synthesis of Ag Nanowires and Fabrication of Highly Flexible, Biocompatible, and Antibiofouling Conductive Films

“…Based on the above observations, an oriented attachment is proposed as the dominant mechanism to explain the shape evolution of AgNWs. As Figure b illustrates, under acidic conditions, Ag + ions are slowly reduced into Ag atoms by gallic acid through the oxidation of its phenolic hydroxyl group to a quinone-like structure . The Ag atoms are nucleated and grow into small AgNPs, which may act as seeds for the growth of larger nanostructures .…”

“…As Figure 1b illustrates, under acidic conditions, Ag + ions are slowly reduced into Ag atoms by gallic acid through the oxidation of its phenolic hydroxyl group to a quinone-like structure. 32 The Ag atoms are nucleated and grow into small AgNPs, which may act as seeds for the growth of larger nanostructures. 33 Some adjacent AgNPs undergo spontaneous self-organization to form a short pea-like structure (as evidenced in the inserted HRTEM image).…”