Effects of Various Asparagus Production Methods on Rutin and Protodioscin Contents in Spears and Cladophylls

Motoki, Satoru; Kitazawa, Hideaki; Maeda, Tatsuaki; Suzuki, Takashi; Chiji, Hideyuki; Nishihara, Eiji; Shinohara, Yoshinori

doi:10.1271/bbb.120143

Cited by 33 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…3), and there were significant differences (Tukey's HSD test, P < 0.05, n = 3). This result is consistent with those of previous studies (Lee et al, 2010;Motoki et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2003) and indicates that protodioscin is mainly found in the lower regions of the spears. This region of the spear was therefore used for subsequent analyses.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Enhanced Protodioscin Biosynthesis in White Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Spears

Maeda

Jishi

Komura

et al. 2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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The objective of this study was to clarify the factors that influence saponin biosynthesis, with an emphasis on protodioscin, a major saponin compound in white asparagus spears. We investigated the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJM) treatment on protodioscin content in white spears harvested by spring semi-forced and winterforced cultivation. Protodioscin content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an evaporative light scattering detector. Protodioscin was mainly localized in the lower region of the spears. In the spring semi-forced cultivation system using the film-cover method, the protodioscin content in white spears harvested from the MeJM plot was significantly higher than in those harvested from the control plot throughout the sampling period. MeJM also significantly enhanced protodioscin biosynthesis in a dose-dependent manner in the experiment conducted under winter-forced cultivation. These results suggest that saponin biosynthesis in white spears is associated with plant defensive reactions triggered by jasmonate. In addition, bitterness in filmcovered white spears could be artificially controlled in commercial fields by MeJM treatment.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Enhanced Protodioscin Biosynthesis in White Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Spears

Maeda

Jishi

Komura

et al. 2012

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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“…Table 1 shows differences in the rutin content among different parts of asparagus. The rutin content in cladophylls [20.456 mg · g -1 dry weight (DW)] was six times higher than the rutin content in the spear tip (3.160 mg · g -1 DW), which was consistent with the results of previous studies (Maeda, 2008;Motoki et al, 2012b). Although the rutin content in the main stem (cortex) was not detectable, that in the main stem (epidermis) was 9.718 mg · g -1 DW.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Protodioscin was cytotoxic to some human cancer cell lines in vitro (Hu and Yao, 2002;Hibasami et al, 2003), and also has aphrodisiac properties (Gauthaman et al, 2002) and improved sexual function in animal experiments (Gauthaman et al, 2003). In previous studies by the authors, functional components of asparagus in different cultivation conditions revealed the following: Rutin was included only in green asparagus, and protodioscin was included only in white asparagus cultivated using the blanching with soil method (Motoki et al, 2012b). The cladophylls of asparagus cultivated in hydroponic systems in plant factories contained not only rutin but also protodioscin, which is not present in the spears of green asparagus (Motoki et al, 2012b).…”

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confidence: 94%

“…In previous studies by the authors, functional components of asparagus in different cultivation conditions revealed the following: Rutin was included only in green asparagus, and protodioscin was included only in white asparagus cultivated using the blanching with soil method (Motoki et al, 2012b). The cladophylls of asparagus cultivated in hydroponic systems in plant factories contained not only rutin but also protodioscin, which is not present in the spears of green asparagus (Motoki et al, 2012b). Fresh asparagus spears commonly discarded if their length is out of specifications, also contain a large amount of rutin, and spears that have not been harvested at the optimum time may be useful components or resources of rutin (Motoki et al, 2012a).…”

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confidence: 96%

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Distribution of Rutin and Protodioscin in Different Tissue Parts of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

Motoki¹,

Tang²,

Taguchi³

et al. 2019

horts

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Asparagus is a popular vegetable rich in healthy functional components. Asparagus spears are known to contain a large amount of rutin, which has been found to possess anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antibacterial/viral properties, and protodioscin, which is an antitumor substance and present in the bottom parts (8 cm from the cut end). However, the process of its production leaves fern in the aboveground parts and roots in the underground parts as significant amounts of nonusable parts, and this issue should be solved. This study was conducted to examine the distributions of rutin and protodioscin, representative functional components in different parts of asparagus. The results suggested that large amounts of rutin were noted in the cladophylls and storage roots (brown and epidermis), and the protodioscin content was high in the buds, the soil-covered section of the spear, and the rhizome. A significant amount of rutin was detected in the aboveground parts, which is consistent with the results of previous studies, but it was also found in the storage roots. The largest amount of protodioscin was found in the buds, as well as in young fruits and seeds of the aboveground parts. Injury by continuously cropping asparagus may be associated with high rutin content in the storage roots of asparagus.

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“…Approximately three times the amount of rutin was identified in asparagus cladophyll compared to the green asparagus stem. [14] It was reported that asparagus bottom-stems contain protodioscin, an antitumor substance, at a level over 100 times that seen in the green asparagus stems. [15] These findings indicate that the by-products of asparagus, such as cladophyll and bottom-stem, could be used as the sources of several functional ingredients for supplements to improve metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Blood Pressure, Glucose Metabolism, and Lipid Profile by the Intake of Powdered Asparagus (蘆筍 Lú Sǔn) Bottom-stems and Cladophylls

Nishimura

Ohkawara

Kagami-Katsuyama

et al. 2013

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

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Asparagus (蘆筍 Lú Sǔn; Asparagus officinalis L.) is a common vegetable, long used as an herbal medicine. The cladophylls and bottom-stems of asparagus have various pharmacological effects, but they are generally discarded at harvesting. The present open clinical trial was performed to examine the effects of the intake of cladophylls and bottom-stems on the improvement of metabolic syndrome characterized by hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia. Twenty-eight healthy volunteers ingested either cladophyll or bottom-stem powder (6 g/day) daily for 10 weeks. The cladophyll intake resulted in significant reduction in the subjects’ diastolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and decreased both the left cardio-ankle vascular index score and the total cholesterol level (T-CHO). The bottom-stem intake significantly reduced the subjects’ systolic and diastolic blood pressure and FPG as well as T-CHO. These results suggest the possibility that asparagus cladophylls and bottom-stems differentially improve hypertension, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia.

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Effects of Various Asparagus Production Methods on Rutin and Protodioscin Contents in Spears and Cladophylls

Cited by 33 publications

References 16 publications

Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Enhanced Protodioscin Biosynthesis in White Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Spears

Methyl Jasmonate Treatment Enhanced Protodioscin Biosynthesis in White Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) Spears

Distribution of Rutin and Protodioscin in Different Tissue Parts of Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.)

Improvement of Blood Pressure, Glucose Metabolism, and Lipid Profile by the Intake of Powdered Asparagus (蘆筍 Lú Sǔn) Bottom-stems and Cladophylls

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