Effects of Varieties, Producing Areas, Ears, and Ear Positions of Single Maize Kernels on Near-Infrared Spectra for Identification and Traceability

Abstract

The effects of varieties, producing areas, ears, and ear positions of maize on near-infrared (NIR) spectra were investigated to determine the factors causing the differences in NIR fingerprints of maize varieties. A total of 130 inbred lines were grown in two regions in China, and 12,350 kernel samples were analyzed through NIR spectroscopy. Spectral differences among varieties, producing areas, ears, and ear positions were determined and compared on the basis of pretreated spectra. The bands at 1300–1470, 1768–1949, 2010–2064, and 2235–2311 nm were mainly affected by the producing area. Band selection and principal component analysis were applied to improve the influence of variety on NIR spectra by processing the pretreated spectra. The degrees of the influence of varieties, producing areas, ears, and ear positions were calculated, and the percentages of the influence of varieties, producing areas, ears, and ear positions were 45.40%, 42.66%, 8.22%, and 3.72%, respectively. Therefore, genetic differences among maize inbred lines are the main factors accounted for NIR spectral differences. Producing area is a secondary factor. These results could provide a reference for researchers who authenticate varieties, perform geographical origin traceabilities, and conduct maize seed breeding.

Near Infrared Spectrometry for Rapid Non-Invasive Modelling of Aspergillus-Contaminated Maturing Kernels of Maize (Zea mays L.)

“…A choice was made to use absorbance values rather than transmission because previous studies with single kernel analysis suggest that transmission optics is less preferred for single kernels because of noise signals generated [38,39]. Single kernels were placed in 20-mm vials with stopper supplied by Bruker used to block external light interference [40]. The Fourier transformed data provided information at averaged 64 scans (equipment generated).…”

Testes de vigor e espectroscopia no infravermelho próximo em sementes de milho-doce (Zea mays L. saccharata)

“…Um espectro NIR é uma série de ondas eletromagnéticas cujos comprimentos de onda variam de 780 nm a 2500 nm; O espectro NIR contém informação relativa a grupos hidrogênio, tais como C-H, N-H e O-H. Por conseguinte, o espectro NIR pode revelar a composição da matéria orgânica nas sementes. Os modelos de predição também podem superar a influência do agente de revestimento de sementes e, portanto, pode ser aceitável para aplicações práticas (AN et al, 2016).…”