Effects of varied soil nitrogen supply on Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

Seith, Bettina; George, Eckhard; Marschner, H.; Wallenda, Thomas; Schaeffer, Christoph; Einig, Werner; Wingler, Astrid; Hampp, Rüdiger

doi:10.1007/bf00010458

Cited by 38 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Additionally, greater root diameters have been reported in response to increased N availability both in pot and in field experiments (Termorshuizen & Ket, 1991 ;Gorissen, Jansen & Olsthoorn, 1993, ClemenssonLindell & Asp, 1995Seith et al, 1996). Therefore, changes in root system morphology appear to be better indicators of the effects of increasing N inputs than changes in root biomass per se (Haug et al, 1992).…”

Section: Effects Of Soil Nitrogen On Fine Root Production and Shoot :mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

1998

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As a result of increasing anthropogenic nitrogen deposition, N availability in many forest ecosystems, which are normally N-limited, has been enhanced. We discuss the impacts of this increased N availability on the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis which is generally regarded as an adaptation to nutrient limited conditions. Nitrogen deposition can influence fruit-body formation by ECM fungi, the production and distribution of the extraradical mycelium in the soil and the formation of ectomycorrhizas.Available data from long-term N deposition studies indicate that the most prominent effects might be discernible above-ground (i.e. on the formation of fruit bodies). ' Generalist ' species, forming a symbiosis with a wide range of tree species, seem to be less affected by increased N availability than ' specialist ' species, especially those living in symbiosis with conifers. However, the importance of below-ground investigations to determine the impacts of N deposition on the ECM symbiosis must not be underestimated. Culture experiments show an optimum N concentration for the formation of extraradical mycelium and mycorrhizas. Often, negative effects only become visible at comparatively high N concentrations, but the use of a few easily cultivated species of ECM fungi, which are adapted to higher N concentrations, undermines our ability to generalize.So far, N deposition experiments in the field have only shown minor changes in the below-ground mycorrhizal population, as estimated from the investigation of mycorrhizal root tips. However, effects on the ECM mycelium, which is the main fungal component in terms of nutrient uptake, cannot be excluded and need further consideration.Because the photoassimilate supply from the plant to the fungal partner is crucial for the maintenance of the ECM symbiosis, we discuss the possible physiological implications of increasing N inputs on the allocation of C to the fungus. Together with ultrastructural changes, physiological effects might precede obvious visible changes and might therefore be useful early indicators of negative impacts of increasing N inputs on the ECM symbiosis.

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Section: Effects Of Soil Nitrogen On Fine Root Production and Shoot :mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates a reduced proportional allocation of photoassimilates to belowground parts. An increased shoot : root ratio mainly reflects increased shoot growth with the absolute effect on root growth being less certain (Hendricks, Nadelhoffer & Aber, 1993 ;Seith et al, 1996).…”

Section: Effects Of Soil Nitrogen On Fine Root Production and Shoot :mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

1998

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“…Supply of mineral N increased the growth of new shoot biomass compared to the N0 and KERA treatments (Seith et al 1996). The dry weight of the newly-grown shoot biomass (in g per plant, four replications) was 3.2 (N0 treatment), 6.6 (N300), 6.0 (N600), and 4.4 (KERA).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The use of different soil nitrogen sources by young Norway spruce plants

George

Stober

Seith

1999

Trees

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Three-year-old Norway spruce trees were planted into a low-nitrogen mineral forest soil and supplied either with two different levels of mineral nitrogen (NH 4 NO 3 ) or with a slow-release form of organic nitrogen (keratin). Supply of mineral nitrogen increased the concentrations of ammonium and nitrate in the soil solution and in CaCl 2 -extracts of the rhizosphere and bulk soil. In the soil solution, in all treatments nitrate concentrations were higher than ammonium concentrations, while in the soil extracts ammonium concentrations were often higher than nitrate concentrations. After 7 months of growth, 15 N labelled ammonium or nitrate was added to the soil. Plants were harvested 2 weeks later. Keratin supply to the soil did not affect growth and nitrogen accumulation of the trees. In contrast, supply of mineral nitrogen increased shoot growth and increased the ratio of above-ground to below-ground growth. The proportion of needle biomass to total above-ground biomass was not increased by mineral N supply. The atom-% 15 N was higher in younger needles than in older needles, and in younger needles higher in plants supplied with 15 N-nitrate than in plants supplied with 15 N-ammonium. The present data show that young Norway spruce plants take up nitrate even under conditions of high plant internal N levels.& k w d : Key words Ammonium · Labelled nitrogen · Nitrate · Picea abies · Shoot/root ratio& b d y :Present address: much more rapidly than recalcitrant organically-combined N, and (b) can use soil nitrate as a source of N even under conditions of plant N sufficiency.

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“…Competition below ground for nutrients and water has been suggested as reducing growth in conifer seedlings [13,17]. Generally, however, root growth and root:shoot ratio are increased when nitrogen and water are limited, at least in the early period after transplanting [7,9,19,20].…”

Section: Forest and Field Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Survival and growth of Abies nordmanniana in forest and field in relation to stock type and root pruning prior to transplanting

Andersen¹,

Bentsen²

2003

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Bare-rooted seedlings of Abies nordmanniana (three stock types) were root-pruned prior to planting to evaluate the importance of stock types and root size on subsequent survival and growth after transplanting under forest and field conditions. Survival, height, root-collar diameter and dry weight (DW) of shoots and roots were compared to those of unpruned controls after two growing seasons. Transplanting in the forest significantly reduced growth in terms of plant DW, but increased height. Severe pruning of the root system reduced survival, increment in height and DW significantly. A positive relationship between height increment and initial ratio between root and shoot was found. Unpruned 2 + 2 seedlings maintained their initial advantage in terms of height, whereas the difference between 2 + 1 seedlings and 3 + 0 seedlings was small two years after transplanting. dry weight / height / root:shoot ratio Résumé -Survie et croissance d'Abies nordmanniana en forêt et au champ par rapport à la dimension des semis et à un élagage des racines antérieur à une transplantation. Les racines de jeunes semis d'Abies nordmanniana ont été taillés avant plantation afin d'évaluer l'importance de la dimension des plants et des racines par rapport à la survie et à la croissance, après transplantation dans les conditions de forêt de pleine terre. Après deux saisons de croissance, la survie, la hauteur, le diamètre au collet et le poids sec des pousses et des racines ont été comparés avec ceux des plants du traitement témoin. La transplantation a réduit de manière significative la croissance quant au poidss sec des plants, mais a augmenté la croissance en hauteur. Une taille sévère du système racinaire a réduit de manière significative la survie, l'accroissement en hauteur et le poids sec. Une relation positive entre l'accroissement en hauteur et le rapport initial entre racine et pousse a été trouvée notamment en pleine terre. Les jeunes plants non taillés transplantés en 2 + 2 ont gardé leur avantage initial quant à la hauteur, tandis que la différence entre les jeunes plants 2 + 1 et les plants 3 + 0 a été faible deux ans après la transplantation. poids sec / hauteur / rapport racine/pousse

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Effects of varied soil nitrogen supply on Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.)

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

Nitrogen deposition and ectomycorrhizas

The use of different soil nitrogen sources by young Norway spruce plants

Survival and growth of Abies nordmanniana in forest and field in relation to stock type and root pruning prior to transplanting

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