Effects of variable root damage caused
by <i>Phytophthora cinnamomi</i> on water relations
of chestnut saplings

Maurel, Marion; Robin, Cécile; Capdevielle, Xavier; Loustau, Denis; Desprez‐Loustau, Marie‐Laure

doi:10.1051/forest:2001151

Cited by 32 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The association between root damage and severe defoliation of the tree crown may be a consequence of reduced C assimilation as a result of pathogen infection. Maurel et al [35][36][37] and Fleischmann et al [17] demonstrated significantly reduced stomatal conductance and transpiration for seedlings of Castanea sativa, Fagus sylvatica and Q. ilex infected with various Phytophthora species. Similar results were also reported for Persea americana infected with P. cinnamomi [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CanPhytophthora quercinahave a negative impact on mature pedunculate oaks under field conditions?

Ulrika

Rosengren

2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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-Ten oak stands in southern Sweden were investigated to evaluate the impact of the root pathogen Phytophthora quercina on mature oaks under field conditions. Phytophthora quercina was present in five of the stands, while the other five stands were used as controls to verify the effect of the pathogen. In each stand, a healthy, a moderately declining and a severely declining tree were sampled. Fine-root length and nutrient status of each tree were analyzed, and the chemistry of the soil surrounding each tree was determined. The results showed that P. quercina can cause substantial reductions in the fine-root length of mature trees under natural conditions. The impact of the pathogen varied depending on tree vitality and season, being most pronounced for declining trees after an unusually dry summer. Despite the significant reduction in live fine-root length of declining trees in Phytophthora-infested stands, no consistent effects were found on the nutrient status of trees. Based on the significant impact of the pathogen on the fine-root systems of declining trees, we suggest that P. quercina contribute to oak decline in southern Sweden at the sites where it is present. No explanation is currently available for the decline of trees in non-infested stands, but the lack of symptoms of root damage indicate, together with the extensive root growth of declining trees, that root pathogens are not involved in the decline at these sites.Quercus robur / Phytophthora quercina / root vitality / soil chemistry / nutrient status Résumé -Phtytophthora quercina peut-il avoir un effet négatif sur les chênes pédonculés adultes en conditions de terrain ? Dix peuplements de chêne du sud de la Suède ont été examinés pour évaluer l'impact du pathogène racinaire Phytophthora quercina sur des chênes adultes en conditions de terrain. P. quercina était présent dans cinq peuplements, les cinq autres furent utilisés comme témoin des effets du pathogène. Dans chaque peuplement, un arbre sain, un arbre modérément dépérissant et un arbre très dépérissant ont été échantillonnés. La longueur des fines racines et le statut minéral de chaque arbre, ainsi que les caractéristiques chimiques du sol alentour ont été déterminés. Les résultats ont montré que P. quercina peut causer des réductions substantielles de la longueur des fines racines des arbres adultes dans les conditions de terrain. L'impact du pathogène varie selon la vitalité de l'arbre et la saison, avec des effets plus prononcés après un été particulièrement sec pour les arbres dépérissants. Malgré la réduction significative de la longueur des fines racines chez les arbres dépérissants dans les peuplements infectés par P. quercina, aucun réel effet n'a été trouvé sur le statut minéral des arbres. En nous appuyant sur l'impact significatif au niveau des fines racines, nous suggérons que P. quercina contribue au déclin des chênes dans le sud de la Suède.Quercus robur / Phytophthora quercina / vitalité des racines / caractères chimiques du sol / statut minéral

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CanPhytophthora quercinahave a negative impact on mature pedunculate oaks under field conditions?

Ulrika

Rosengren

2006

Ann. For. Sci.

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“…This mechanism has also been suggested to be important in the case of Phytophthora infected trees. Both field and experimental evidence support a higher vulnerability of P. cinnamomi infected trees to water deficits [52,128,129]. The death of roots, particularly roots extracting water deep in the soil, may be especially critical in sites with low water availability [53].…”

Section: Possible Role Of Root Pathogens In Declines Associated With mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Negative effects of drought on the development of P. cinnamomi in soil or in bark have often been reported [32,116,125,195] whereas synergistic interactions between drought and infection have been demonstrated on tree physiology and the severity of disease symptoms [20,128,129].…”

Section: Disease-or Health Status-related Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

et al. 2006

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-This review synthesizes the available knowledge on drought-disease interactions in forest trees with a focus on (1) evidence and patterns of drought-disease interactions, (2) current understanding of processes and mechanisms, and (3) three well documented cases studies. The first part is based on the analysis of a database of slightly more than one hundred studies, obtained by keyword searches combining drought, diseases or pathogens, and forest trees. A large majority of published studies referred to a positive association between drought and disease, i.e. disease favoured by drought or drought and disease acting synergistically on tree health status, with a predominance of canker/dieback diseases, caused by pathogens like Botryosphaeria, Sphaeropsis, Cytospora and Biscognauxia (Hypoxylon). The type of disease-related variables (incidence vs. severity) and the intensity and timing of water stress were shown to be significant factors affecting the drought-infection interaction. Interactions with other abiotic stresses and species-specific and genetic effects, related to host or pathogen, have also been reported. Direct effects of drought on pathogens are generally negative, although most fungal pathogens exhibit an important plasticity and can grow at water potentials well below the minimum for growth of their host plants. Studies on indirect effects of drought on pathogens through other community interactions are still relatively scarce. Positive drought-infection effects can mostly be explained by indirect effects of drought on host physiology. The predisposition and the multiple stress hypotheses are presented, as well as recent developments in the study of the molecular basis of abiotic and biotic stress, and their interactions. Sphaeropsis sapinea on pines, Biscognauxia mediterranea on oaks and root pathogens in declines associated with drought provide illustrative examples, treated as case studies, of pathogens of current significance associated with drought. The conclusion highlights some knowledge gaps, e.g. the role of latent parasites and the shift to a pathogenic stage, or the genetics of some fungal groups. The need for prevention of pathogen dispersal, especially crucial in the case of latent pathogens, is emphasized. drought / water stress / pathogenic fungi / predisposition / forest trees Résumé -Interactions entre sécheresse et agents pathogènes chez les arbres forestiers. Cette revue synthétise les connaissances actuelles sur les interactions entre sécheresse et maladies chez les arbres forestiers, avec trois grandes parties : (1) description des types d'interaction ; (2) connaissances acquises sur les mécanismes impliqués ; (3) trois études de cas bien étudiées. La première partie est basée sur l'analyse d'une base de données d'une centaine d'études, sélectionnées par recherche sur mots clés. La plupart de ces études se rapportent à des maladies favorisées par la sécheresse ou à un effet synergique entre sécheresse et maladie sur l'état sanitaire des arbres, avec une prédominance de m...

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“…When plants reached a height of 20 cm and their lower stems were lignified, 10 ml of millet seeds contaminated with P. cambivora isolate P15FC2 were placed in each pot (at 10 cm depth). Infected millet seeds were obtained following the method described by Maurel et al (2001). Nothing was added to control plants (about five plants per family).…”

Section: Root Inoculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in susceptibility to Phytophthora Cambivora in European chestnut (Castanea sativa)

Robin

Morel

Vettraino

et al. 2006

Forest Ecology and Management

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Effects of variable root damage caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi on water relations of chestnut saplings

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

CanPhytophthora quercinahave a negative impact on mature pedunculate oaks under field conditions?

CanPhytophthora quercinahave a negative impact on mature pedunculate oaks under field conditions?

Interactive effects of drought and pathogens in forest trees

Genetic variation in susceptibility to Phytophthora Cambivora in European chestnut (Castanea sativa)

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