Effects of vanillin on the community structures and abundances of <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Trichoderma</i> spp. in cucumber seedling rhizosphere

Botanical and fungal biopesticides, including endophytes, are in high demand given the current restrictive legislations on the use of chemical pesticides. As part of an ongoing search for new biopesticides, a series of fungal endophytes have been isolated from selected medicinal plants including Lauraceae species. In the current study, an extract from the endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. EFI 671, isolated from the stem parts of the medicinal plant Laurus sp., was screened for bioactivity against plant pathogens (Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Botrytis cinerea), insect pests (Spodoptera littoralis, Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi) and plant parasites (Meloidogyne javanica), with positive results against M. persicae. The chemical study of the neutral fraction of the active hexane extract resulted in the isolation of a triglyceride mixture (m1), eburicol (2), β-sitostenone (3), ergosterol (4) and ergosterol peroxide (5). The free fatty acids present in the acid fraction of the extract and in m1 (oleic, linoleic, palmitic and stearic) showed strong dose-dependent antifeedant effects against M. persicae. Liquid (potato dextrose broth, PDB and Sabouraud Broth, SDB) and solid (corn, sorghum, pearl millet and rice) growth media were tested in order to optimize the yield and bioactivity of the fungal extracts. Pearl millet and corn gave the highest extract yields. All the extracts from these solid media had strong effects against M. persicae, with sorghum being the most active. Corn media increased the methyl linoleate content of the extract, pearl millet media increased the oleic acid and sorghum media increased the oleic and linoleic acids compared to rice. The antifeedant effects of these extracts correlated with their content in methyl linoleate and linoleic acid. The phytotoxic effects of these extracts against ryegrass, Lolium perenne, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa, varied with culture media, with sorghum being non- toxic.

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“…Trichoderma sp. is also an insect biocontrol agent [30][31][32], including endophytic Trichoderma [33,34].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Composition of an Aphid Antifeedant Extract from an Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma sp. EFI671

et al. 2020

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“…Vanillin inhibits bacteria (Cava, Taboada, Valverde, & Marín, 2012;Delaquis, Stanich, & Toivonen, 2005;Fitzgerald et al, 2004) and fungi growth (Lopez-Malo Cerruti & Alzamora, 1996;Kim et al, 2014;Rivera-Carriles, Argaiz, Palou, & López-Malo, 2004). Vanillin changes community structures of Fusarium and decreases the number of bands as confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, and quantitative PCR (Zhou, Jia, Ge, & Wu, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antifungal activity of vanilla juice and vanillin against Alternaria alternata

Romero-Cortés

España

López‐Pérez

et al. 2019

CyTA - Journal of Food

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Vanilla juice has been shown empirically to have antifungal activity against some fungal strains; however, there are no activity reported against Alternaria genre. In this work, the chemical profile of vanilla juice was obtained and its antifungal activity against fungal strains from the family Pleosporaceae, isolated from sorghum-and barley-diseased plants, was tested. The strains were identified as Alternaria alternata by their molecular and morphological characteristics. The vanilla juice characterization from Vanilla planifolia pods showed the presence of vanillin, vanillic acid, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, guaiacol, glucovanillin, vanillyl alcohol, and furfural. Vanilla juice showed a fungistatic effect against all A. alternata strains tested in this study and increased the lag time from 50 to 112 h, and no conidia were produced. This result indicates the possible application of vanilla juice as an alternative to control agricultural crops such as barley and sorghum in Mexico.

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“…These species have plant growth promotion and soil environment improvement abilities [1,2]. During the colonization in plant roots, the mycelia of Trichoderma fungi twine around the plant roots to form an appressorium-like structure, then penetrate the root epidermis layer and survive for a long time between the plant cells of the epidermis and the cortex [3], having a direct promotional effect on the growth of seedlings [4][5][6], nutrient uptake in the rhizosphere [7][8][9][10], and rhizosphere microbial community structure improvement [11][12][13][14]. Chang and Baler [15] treated seeds or roots of pepper, Vinca, chrysanthemum, tomato, and cucumber with a conidia suspension of Trichoderma harzianum T-203 and found that the germination rate of pepper on the fungi community structure annual in the rhizosphere soil in which the P. sylvestris var.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Two Trichoderma Strains on Plant Growth, Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients, and Fungal Community of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Annual Seedlings

Halifu

Deng

Song

et al. 2019

Forests

104

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Trichoderma spp. are proposed as major plant growth-promoting fungi that widely exist in the natural environment. These strains have the abilities of rapid growth and reproduction and efficient transformation of soil nutrients. Moreover, they can change the plant rhizosphere soil environment and promote plant growth. Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica has the characteristics of strong drought resistance and fast growth and plays an important role in ecological construction and environmental restoration. The effects on the growth of annual seedlings, root structure, rhizosphere soil nutrients, enzyme activity, and fungal community structure of P. sylvestris var. mongolica were studied after inoculation with Trichoderma harzianum E15 and Trichoderma virens ZT05, separately. The results showed that after inoculation with T. harzianum E15 and T. virens ZT05, seedling biomass, root structure index, soil nutrients, and soil enzyme activity were significantly increased compared with the control (p < 0.05). There were significant differences in the effects of T. harzianum E15 and T. virens ZT05 inoculation on the growth and rhizosphere soil nutrient of P. sylvestris var. mongolica (p < 0.05). For the E15 treatment, the seedling height, ground diameter, and total biomass of seedlings were higher than that those of the ZT05 treatment, and the rhizosphere soil nutrient content and enzyme activity of the ZT05 treatment were higher than that of the E15 treatment. The results of alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that the fungi community structure of rhizosphere soil was significantly different (p < 0.05) among the three treatments (inoculated with T. harzianum E15, T. virens ZT05, and not inoculated with Trichoderma). Overall, Trichoderma inoculation was correlated with the change of rhizosphere soil nutrient content.

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Effects of vanillin on the community structures and abundances of Fusarium and Trichoderma spp. in cucumber seedling rhizosphere

Cited by 22 publications

References 38 publications

Chemical Composition of an Aphid Antifeedant Extract from an Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma sp. EFI671

Chemical Composition of an Aphid Antifeedant Extract from an Endophytic Fungus, Trichoderma sp. EFI671

Antifungal activity of vanilla juice and vanillin against Alternaria alternata

Effects of Two Trichoderma Strains on Plant Growth, Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients, and Fungal Community of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Annual Seedlings

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