Effects of UV Photographs, Photoaging Information, and Use of Sunless Tanning Lotion on Sun Protection Behaviors

Williams, Tanishia A.; Mars, Audrey E.; Buyske, Steven; Stenroos, Edward S.; Wang, Rong; Factura-Santiago, Marivic F.; Lambert, George H.; Johnson, William G.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.4.356

Cited by 98 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The results of this study add to the growing literature demonstrating that utilizing UV photographs to show individuals their existing (but not currently visible) sun damage and thereby making salient the negative appearance consequences of sun exposure can be an effective method of increasing sun protection intentions and behaviors Mahler et al, 2003Mahler et al, , 2005Mahler et al, , 2006Mahler et al, , 2007. Relative to controls, nearly twice as many of those who received the UV Photo/photoaging information intervention increased their sunscreen use on their face and nearly three times as many increased the frequency with which they used sunscreen on their body in the month following the intervention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…These findings are consistent with previous work (cf. Mahler et al, 2005Mahler et al, , 2006Mahler et al, , 2007. This experiment was designed as an initial investigation of whether normative information could enhance the effects of the UV photo/photoaging information intervention.…”

Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several recent studies have demonstrated the promise of appearance-based interventions, which attempt to motivate sun protection behaviors by highlighting the link between sun exposure and appearance detractors such as wrinkles, age spots, and uneven pigmentation. (Jones & Leary, 1994;Gibbons, Gerrard, Lane, Mahler, & Kulik, 2005;Mahler, Fitzpatrick, Parker, & Lapin, 1997;Mahler, Kulik, Gibbons, Gerrard, & Harrell, 2003;Mahler, Kulik, Harrel, Correa, Gibbons & Gerrard, 2005). Relative to a healthbased message, messages that emphasize negative appearance consequences may better counteract the primary (appearance-based) motivation for sun exposure, namely getting a tan.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention

Mahler

Kulik

Butler

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

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108

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This experiment examined whether the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention could be enhanced by the addition of social norms information. Southern California college students (N=125, predominantly female) were randomly assigned to either an appearance-based sun protection intervention-that consisted of a photograph depicting underlying sun damage to their skin (UV photo) and information about photoaging or to a control condition. Those assigned to the intervention were further randomized to receive information about what one should do to prevent photoaging (injunctive norms information), information about the number of their peers who currently use regular sun protection (descriptive norms information), both injunctive and descriptive norms information, or neither type of norms information. The results demonstrated that those who received the UV Photo/photoaging information intervention expressed greater sun protection intentions and subsequently reported greater sun protection behaviors than did controls. Further, the addition of both injunctive and descriptive norms information increased self-reported sun protection behaviors during the subsequent month. KeywordsUSA; skin cancer; sun protection; normative information; photoaging; UV photos Globally, the incidence of all types of skin cancers has increased over the past several decades. Between 2-3 million non-melanoma and approximately 132,000 melanoma skin cancers are diagnosed each year (World Health Organization,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Possible Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention

Mahler

Kulik

Butler

et al. 2008

Social Science & Medicine

Self Cite

108

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“…15,[45][46][47][48][49][50][51] Participants were queried about their level of intentional and incidental summer sun exposure, tanning booth use, and chemical sunless tanner use. A protective behaviors scale was used to assess a range of skin protection behaviors: wearing clothing, staying in the shade, avoiding or limiting midday sun, and using sunscreen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Investigation of the Predictors of Tanning Dependence

Heckman¹

2008

ajhb

102

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Objectives-To investigate possible predictors of tanning dependence including demographic variables, exposure and protective behaviors, and other health-related behaviors.Methods-This study consisted of an online survey of 400 students and other volunteers from a university community.Results-Twenty-seven percent of the sample was classified as tanning dependent. Tanning dependence was predicted by ethnicity and skin type, indoor and outdoor tanning and burning, and lower skin protective behaviors, as well as smoking and body mass index.Conclusions-Young adults are at risk for tanning dependence, which can be predicted by specific demographic and behavioral variables. Keywordstanning; skin cancer prevention; addiction Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in the United States, accounting for half of all human cancers, 1 with over a million new cases diagnosed yearly. 2 Ninety percent of all skin cancers are due to ultraviolet radiation (UVR). 2 Thanks to recent media attention, the US public has demonstrated increased awareness of the harmful effects of UVR. 3 Unfortunately, studies have also demonstrated that people, particularly young adults, continue to use minimal skin protection strategies yet receive large amounts of intentional and incidental exposure to UVR, either through sun exposure or from the use of tanning Address correspondence to Dr Heckman, Population Science, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 510 Townshipline Rd, First Floor, Cheltenham, PA 19012. Carolyn.Heckman@fccc.edu. NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptAm J Health Behav. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 July 09. NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript salons. [3][4][5][6][7] As suggested by the continued exposure to UVR without adequate protection despite increasing awareness of risks, clearly there are strong motivations for such exposure and/ or significant barriers to engaging in protective behaviors. Most of the recent literature suggests that the effect on appearance is the primary motivation for sunbathing and tanning booth use. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] It is no wonder then that educational interventions targeting skin safety and cancer knowledge have fallen short in terms of changing actual tanning behavior. [11][12][13][14][15][16] However, there may be some individuals who tan excessively for reasons other than appearance. Like other health-risk behaviors, tanning behavior probably has multiple determinants.Similarities between excessive tanning and substance use disorders or addiction have been discussed formally in the literature recently and anecdotally for years. 17 In the lay media, the term tanorexia has been used to describe a preoccupation with the desire to be tan paired with excessive tanning, similar to anorexia nervosa or an obsessive desire to be thin paired with compulsive dietary behavior. 18 Tanorexia is illustrated by the recent explosion in media images of tan celebrities 18 and numbers of tanning salons 7,19 as well as sunless tanning products on the mar...

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“…Some interventions have failed to influence time in the sun [143,151,154,202] or actually produced increased sun exposure on some measures [48]. In some of these interventions, college students were provided with sunscreen and UV monitors, too [48,114,202].…”

Section: Interventions In Childcare and School Settingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma Epidemiology and Prevention

et al. 2015

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The epidemiology of melanoma is complex, and individual risk depends on sun exposure, host factors, and genetic factors, and in their interactions as well. Sun exposure can be classified as intermittent, chronic, or cumulative (overall) exposure, and each appears to have a different effect on type of melanoma. Other environmental factors, such as chemical exposures-either through occupation, atmosphere, or food-may increase risk for melanoma, and this area warrants further study. Host factors that are well known to be important are the numbers and types of nevi and the skin phenotype. Genetic factors are classified as

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Effects of UV Photographs, Photoaging Information, and Use of Sunless Tanning Lotion on Sun Protection Behaviors

Cited by 98 publications

References 80 publications

Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention

Social norms information enhances the efficacy of an appearance-based sun protection intervention

A Preliminary Investigation of the Predictors of Tanning Dependence

Melanoma Epidemiology and Prevention

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