Effects of UV-ozone irradiation on copper doped nickel acetate and its applicability to perovskite solar cells

Kim, Jeongmo; Lee, Hee Ryung; Kim, Hyeong Pil; Lin, Tengda; Kanwat, Anil; Yusoff, Abd. Rashid bin Mohd; Jang, Jin

doi:10.1039/c6nr01308b

Cited by 37 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…To date, 2D/3D multidimensional perovskite has been synthesized via one-step deposition, [98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] sequential deposition, [110][111][112] and 2D/3D perovskite post-treatment approaches. [113][114][115][116] Our group was amongst the first to synthesize MAPbI 3 through exposure to butylphosphonic acid-ammonium chloride (4-ABPACl), which leads to the incorporation of the perovskite layer into a mesoporous titanium dioxide film.…”

Section: D/3d Multidimensional Perovskitementioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Yusoff

Nazeeruddin

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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ruthenium molecular dye, wide absorption range, direct and tunable bandgaps, superior charge carrier mobility, and long carrier diffusion length. [6,[43][44][45] Although it has been synthesized for over 100 years, Mitzi et al. were the first to investigate the electrical properties of tin-based perovskite in 1994, [46] which was later used in numerous devices, including field effect transistors (FETs) and LEDs. [47][48][49] The attention toward metal halide perovskites sparked yet again in 2009, [42] and they were later named one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016. In brief, metal halide perovskites can be divided into two types based on their crystal structure motif: (i) 3D-structured perovskite (AMX 3 ) and (ii) 2D-structured perovskite (A 2 MX 4 ). The structure of the perovskite could either be 2D or 3D, while the dimensions of the perovskite probably belong to 0D-3D. The term "perovskite" implies to the general class of materials derived from an elemental composition of AMX 3 and demonstrates the crystal structure of perovskite crystal CaTiO 3 , where the divalent metal M resides at the body center and surrounded by six X-anions located at the face centers in an octahedral cluster. The MX 6 in the octahedral cluster may form an extended 3D structure by all-corner-connected type with A-cation sitting at the center. It could also form a 2D perovskite when the 3D perovskite network is cut into one-layer-thick slices along the 〈100〉 direction and separates them apart. In principle, 2D perovskite is the easiest to synthesize because of its natural layered structure, which is held together by weak van der Waals forces. Dou et al. reported the large-scale synthesis of the monolayer (C 4 H 9 NH 3 ) 2 -PbBr 4 by a chemical method. [50] Along the same lines, several groups have prepared and characterized nanomaterials composed of various forms of perovskites. [51][52][53] Also, our group has recently successfully prepared a low-dimensional mixed 2D/3D perovskite using the protonated salt of amino valeric acid iodide (AVAI) as an organic precursor mixed with PbI 2 , in which a yellowish film was containing needle-like crystallite formed. [54] In this topical review, we present the latest advances in the synthesis of low-dimensional perovskites and the growth mechanism to develop a strategy to achieve best performing devices. Later, we focus the instability and a cost-effective solution to circumvent this problem, which is vital for the eventual deployment of perovskite solar cells to consumers market. We present an analysis of the origins for instability in perovskite solar cells, and present a summary of the main achievements and possible future developments of these low-dimensional perovskite. [2,55] Perovskite solar cells have been heralded as one of the most promising emerging technologies in 2016 because of the very high power conversion efficiency of 22% and the low cost of generating electricity compared to even fossil fuels. These are formed with various dimensionalities and can be fully mani...

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Section: D/3d Multidimensional Perovskitementioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Yusoff

Nazeeruddin

2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…The results clearly demonstrate high optical transmittance (>90%) for all Cu:NiO thin films in the visible range. Meanwhile, the transmittance decreased with increasing Cu doping concentration, which could be attributed to the increase of the light scattering due to surface roughness discussed later) and the decrease of the optical bandgap ( E g ) . Herein, the E g values of the Cu:NiO thin films were calculated using the standard Tauc plot method, and the results are summarized in the inset of Figure a.…”

Section: Key Parameters Of Cu:nio Tfts Fabricated Under Various Condimentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Combustion Synthesis: Low‐Temperature Processing for p‐Type Cu:NiO Thin Films for Transparent Electronics

et al. 2017

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Low-temperature solution processing opens a new window for the fabrication of oxide semiconductors due to its simple, low cost, and large-area uniformity. Herein, by using solution combustion synthesis (SCS), p-type Cu-doped NiO (Cu:NiO) thin films are fabricated at a temperature lower than 150 °C. The light doping of Cu substitutes the Ni site and disperses the valence band of the NiO matrix, leading to an enhanced p-type conductivity. Their integration into thin-film transistors (TFTs) demonstrates typical p-type semiconducting behavior. The optimized Cu NiO TFT exhibits outstanding electrical performance with a hole mobility of 1.5 cm V s , a large on/off current ratio of ≈10 , and clear switching characteristics under dynamic measurements. The employment of a high-k ZrO gate dielectric enables a low operating voltage (≤2 V) of the TFTs, which is critical for portable and battery-driven devices. The construction of a light-emitting-diode driving circuit demonstrates the high current control capability of the resultant TFTs. The achievement of the low-temperature-processed Cu:NiO thin films via SCS not only provides a feasible approach for low-cost flexible p-type oxide electronics but also represents a significant step toward the development of complementary metal-oxide semiconductor circuits.

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“…The enhancemento fL a-NiO x addition from the aspect of its morphological structure is depicted from the 3D atomic force microscopy (AFM) ands canning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively.T he compactness of the La-NiO x was improved (without any pinholes), as compared to the pristine NiO x ,w hich consequently led to the formation of ap inhole-less perovskite film, as observed from Figure 4b is consistentw ith the resultso btained from XRD analysis.T he peak situated at 860.8 eV in the Ni2p spectrum ( Figure 5c,a nd Figure S2 b, Supporting Information) was ascribed to the shake-upp rocess of NiO x .I na ddition, the peak at ab inding energy of 853.5 eV represents the presence of Ni in an oxidation state of + 2, whereas the binding energy at 855 and 856.1 eV represent Ni 3 + that was inducedb yt he vacancyi n Ni 2 O 3 and the presenceo fN iOOH, respectively.I nc ontrast, La-NiO x thin film exhibits higherN i 3 + /Ni 2 + ratios that could increase the hole conductivity of the NiO x film and improve the contact properties of the solar cells. [29,30] This result has further revealed the merit pointofL adoping for improved film quality and crystallinity. [31] It has been reported that the performance of ap erovskite device is alwaysc orrelated to the film morphology, film crystallinity,a nd crystal size, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…In addition, the peak at a binding energy of 853.5 eV represents the presence of Ni in an oxidation state of +2, whereas the binding energy at 855 and 856.1 eV represent Ni 3+ that was induced by the vacancy in Ni 2 O 3 and the presence of NiOOH, respectively. In contrast, La–NiO x thin film exhibits higher Ni 3+ /Ni 2+ ratios that could increase the hole conductivity of the NiO x film and improve the contact properties of the solar cells . This result has further revealed the merit point of La doping for improved film quality and crystallinity…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Lanthanum in a Nickel Oxide‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell for Efficiency and Stability Improvement

Teo

Guo

et al. 2018

ChemSusChem

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A high‐performing inverted perovskite solar cell (PSC) always relies on the hole transporting layer (HTL) quality and its interfaces. This work investigates the impact of La incorporation within the NiOx matrix for defects passivation, thus leading to high charge extraction ability and stability without compromising its power conversion efficiency. In the presence of La, the La–NiOx quality is clearly improved; without the formation of pinholes. In addition, the inclusion of La alters the energy band alignment; consequently, enhancing the hole transportation and widening the Voc (>1 V), as compared to the pristine NiOx. The beneficial effect of La was further revealed through the photoluminescence measurement and density of states (DOS) analysis, in which trap states are passivated by La. More importantly, the perovskite solar cell, with La–NiOx as the HTL, exhibits 21 % enhancement in efficiency and a remarkable stability that is greater than that of pristine NiOx. This also unlocks an opportunity for commercialization.

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Effects of UV-ozone irradiation on copper doped nickel acetate and its applicability to perovskite solar cells

Cited by 37 publications

References 45 publications

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Low‐Dimensional Perovskites: From Synthesis to Stability in Perovskite Solar Cells

Solution Combustion Synthesis: Low‐Temperature Processing for p‐Type Cu:NiO Thin Films for Transparent Electronics

The Role of Lanthanum in a Nickel Oxide‐Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cell for Efficiency and Stability Improvement

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