Effects of US-Presentation and CS-termination contingencies on avoidance extinction following partial and continuous reinforcement

Galvani, Peter F.

doi:10.1016/0023-9690(73)90030-1

Learning and Motivation

1973

DOI: 10.1016/0023-9690(73)90030-1

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Effects of US-Presentation and CS-termination contingencies on avoidance extinction following partial and continuous reinforcement

Peter F. Galvani

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1975

1978

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Cited by 4 publications

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“…Thus, on a nonreinforced avoidance trial the CS is followed by the aversive stimulus irrespective of the animal's behavior, i.e ., the subject receives a CS-DS pairing. Studies of PR in discriminative avoidance in which nonreinforcement has been so defined Galvani, 1971Galvani, , 1973aGalvani, , 1973bOlson, Davenport, & Kamichoff, 1971) (B rush, 1962 ;Kurtz & Shafer, 1967;Levine & England, 1960;Pinckney, 19 66). Accordingly, the present experiment investigated sh uttlebox avoidance acquisition and extinction under PR and continuous reinforcement in animals trained at either a short (3D-sec) or long (90-sec) IT!.…”

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Intermittent reinforcement and intertrial interval effects on shuttlebox avoidance in the gerbil

Galvani

Twitty

Foster

1975

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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However, these result s do suggest that the use of threat s, und er the appropriate conditions, can have beneficial effects on further inte raction which occurs when the threat is no longer present.In conclusion, the present study suggests that threats, as coercive but justifiable devices, can induce a high rate of compli ance without necessarily creating conditions which so often seem to result in an eventual increase of conflict.

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confidence: 99%

Intermittent reinforcement and intertrial interval effects on shuttlebox avoidance in the gerbil

Galvani

Twitty

Foster

1975

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Effects of Level of Acoustic Stimulation on Locomotor Activity in the Gerbil

Galvani¹

1978

The American Journal of Psychology

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Two experiments dealt with the behavioral responsiveness of the Mongolian gerbil to the onset, offset, and intensity of auditory stimulation. In Experiment I, the presence of background noise, relative to a condition of silence, was found to facilitate rate of shuttle activity in the gerbil. Also, both incremental and decremental shifts in noise intensity produced immediate increases and decreases, respectively, in activity level. Experiment II revealed that the relationship between shuttle-activity level and background noise intensity was nonmonotonic over the 60-90 dB range, with optimal facilitation manifested at 80 dB SPL. A similar trend was observed with running-wheel activity. Finally, in both experiments substantial habituation of general activity was obtained. The results were discussed in terms of theoretical conceptions of the energizing properties of environmental stimulation (e.g. , arousal theory, stimulus intensity dynamism) and psycho-physiological reactions of the gerbil to auditory stimulation.

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Duration of CS termination delay in avoidance extinction following partial and continuous reinforcement

Galvani

1976

Bull. Psychon. Soc.

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Motlgolian gerbils received either continuous or partial (50%) reinforcement in acquisition of a shuttle avoidance response (Ra). In extinction, separate groups received CS termination at one of three delay intervals, 0, 5, or 10 sec, combined with shock omission. Removal of prompt CS offset produced rapid extinction of the Ra for both partial and continuous reinforcement animals. However, partially reinforced gerbils subjected to 5-sec delayed CS offset demonstrated a precipitous loss in Ra strength relative to their continuously reinforced . counterparts. These results were discussed in tenns of the interaction between the efficacy of the CS tennination contingency in extinction and acquisition reinforcement schedule.Although delay of CS termination following response completion has long been known to produce inferior avoidance acquisition relative t

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Effects of US-Presentation and CS-termination contingencies on avoidance extinction following partial and continuous reinforcement

Cited by 4 publications

References 11 publications

Intermittent reinforcement and intertrial interval effects on shuttlebox avoidance in the gerbil

Intermittent reinforcement and intertrial interval effects on shuttlebox avoidance in the gerbil

Effects of Level of Acoustic Stimulation on Locomotor Activity in the Gerbil

Duration of CS termination delay in avoidance extinction following partial and continuous reinforcement

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