Effects of urbanization on stream ecosystems along an agriculture-to-urban land-use gradient, Milwaukee to Green Bay, Wisconsin, 2003-2004

Richards, Kevin D.; Scudder, Barbara C.; Fitzpatrick, Faith A.; Steuer, Jeffery J.; Bell, Amanda H.; Peppler, Marie C.; Stewart, Jana S.; Harris, Mitchell A.

doi:10.3133/sir20065101e

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…The positive axis depicted for the flashiness RPART model indicates that flashiness has a positive relationship with impervious cover similar to the results found by Richards et al. . In the training dataset, flashiness had the greatest range in percent alteration values (6%–134%) and 75% of the HUC‐12s had percent alteration >30%.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Richards et al. () also found a negative correlation between high flow duration and urbanization. In the training dataset, 75% of HUC‐12s had high flow duration percent alteration values <−56% and the values ranged from −77 to −31%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…High flow duration and low pulse duration RPART models are plotted on a negative axis, indicating that these metrics decrease with a 10% increase in impervious cover. Richards et al (2010) also found a negative correlation between high flow duration and urbanization. In the training dataset, 75% of HUC-12s had high flow duration percent alteration values <À56% and the values ranged from À77 to À31%.…”

Section: Rpartmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Streamflow Alteration from Impervious Cover: Are All Watersheds Created Equal?

Moltz

Palmer

Smith

2018

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Very small amounts of impervious cover can impact streamflows. In the Potomac basin, for example, significant streamflow alteration associated with watershed impervious cover >0.5%–2.0% have been found. Since these impacts were found with considerably lower amounts of impervious cover than previously documented in the literature, typically 10%–20%, this study evaluated whether certain watershed characteristics (e.g., watershed area, karst geology, precipitation, soil characteristics, physiographic province, and slope) make a stream reach more susceptible to the impacts of impervious cover than others. The results of this study indicate there are differences in streamflow sensitivity to impervious cover given certain landscape characteristics. The relationships of watershed characteristics with streamflow alteration in flashiness, high flow duration, and low pulse duration were evaluated. Flashiness alteration was positively correlated with impervious cover and influenced by watershed slope and area. High flow duration alteration was negatively correlated with impervious cover and influenced by mean annual precipitation and slope. Low pulse duration was poorly correlated with the watershed characteristics under consideration. These differences may assist in land management efforts and heighten awareness of the environmental impacts of impervious cover.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Rpartmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Streamflow Alteration from Impervious Cover: Are All Watersheds Created Equal?

Moltz

Palmer

Smith

2018

J American Water Resour Assoc

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“…Sediment and nutrient pollution from urban and agricultural development in the U.S. Midwest is increasingly threatening streams in the region and downstream waterbodies (Allan, Erickson, & Fay, ; Mbonimpa, Yuan, Nash, & Mehaffey, ; Tomer & Schilling, ). Urbanized watersheds are characterized by high levels of impervious surfaces (Richards et al., ), aging wastewater pipes (Giovannetti, Massey, Haggard, & Morgan, ), and construction sites (Boggs, Sun, McNulty, & Jones, ), all of which can lead to increased stream suspended solid and nutrient concentrations (Halstead, Kliman, Berheide, Chaucer, & Cock‐Esteb, ; Miller, Schoonover, Williard, & Hwang, ; Paul & Meyer, ). Agricultural land in the Midwest is often tilled and coated with fertilizer, which increases runoff containing high concentrations of suspended solids (Parajuli, Jayakody, Sassenrath, & Ouyang, ; Renwick, Vanni, Zhang, & Patton, ) and nutrients (Baker & Laflen, ; Duda, ; King, Fausey, & Williams, ; Sharpley et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excessive stream suspended solid concentrations due to urban and agricultural development harm aquatic species by clogging streambed habitat (Walling & Amos, ), increasing plant abrasion (Wood & Armitage, ), and decreasing overall biodiversity (Alexander & Hansen, ). Sediment pollution also increases particulate bound nutrient and heavy metal concentrations within streams, thereby introducing additional biotic stressors into the water column (Richards et al., ; Royer, David, & Gentry, ). In addition to biotic effects, increased suspended solid inputs result in negative impacts on infrastructure, including decreased water retention within reservoirs (Syvitski, Vorosmarty, Kettner, & Green, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land cover impacts on storm flow suspended solid and nutrient concentrations in southwest Ohio streams

Lazar

Spahr

Grudzinski

et al. 2019

Water Environment Research

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Impacts between urban and agricultural land cover on storm flow water quality are poorly understood for the Eastern Corn Belt Ecoregion in SW Ohio. Storm flow water samples were collected from May 2017 to October 2017 across seven SW Ohio watersheds which ranged in urban land cover from 6% to 92% and in agricultural land cover from 4% to 70%. Two watersheds contained water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Percent agricultural land cover in a watershed and storm magnitude were primary explanatory variables for total suspended solid and total phosphorus concentrations. Total nitrogen, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations were primarily explained by the presence of WRRFs and percent agricultural land cover. Increased dissolved nutrient concentrations in watersheds with WRRFs indicate that WRRFs in the study area are ineffectively removing nitrate and phosphate from effluent. Results suggest that to improve water quality during storm flows, additional management efforts need to be focused on agricultural watersheds and WRRFs. • Practitioner points• Storm flow water quality in the study area is significantly affected by land cover, WRRF Q, and storm Q. • TSS and TP concentrations are best explained by percent of agricultural land cover in a watershed and magnitude of storms. • TN, NO 3 -N, and PO 3 4 -P concentrations are best explained by WRRF Q, followed by the percent agricultural land cover. • This study shows that agricultural land cover and WRRFs play a significant role in water quality degradation in SW Ohio.

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