Effects of Urbanization on Prevalence of Baylisascaris procyonis in Intermediate Host Populations

Kellner, Kenneth F.; Page, L. Kristen; Downey, Mark; McCord, Sarah E.

doi:10.7589/2011-09-267

Cited by 23 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…For example, in a study of a fragmented forest along a gradient of urbanization (in Chicago, IL), the prevalence of B. procyonis in Peromyscus spp. was found to increase as human population density increased (67). Even though the opposite relationship was observed for raccoons, because of much higher densities of raccoons in urban environments, overall loads of infective B. procyonis eggs would still be very high and present a danger of transmission (67).…”

Section: Raccoons As Source Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…was found to increase as human population density increased (67). Even though the opposite relationship was observed for raccoons, because of much higher densities of raccoons in urban environments, overall loads of infective B. procyonis eggs would still be very high and present a danger of transmission (67). Raccoon populations have increasingly been detected in densely populated and urbanized areas, such as Brooklyn, NY (31, 68), Atlanta, GA, Orange County, CA, Portland, OR, Chicago, IL, and Toronto, Ontario, Canada (61,69,70,71), showing the great adaptability of this species.…”

Section: Raccoons As Source Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Update on Baylisascariasis, a Highly Pathogenic Zoonotic Infection

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYBaylisascaris procyonis, the raccoon roundworm, infects a wide range of vertebrate animals, including humans, in which it causes a particularly severe type of larva migrans. It is an important cause of severe neurologic disease (neural larva migrans [NLM]) but also causes ocular disease (OLM; diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis [DUSN]), visceral larva migrans (VLM), and covert/asymptomatic infections.B. procyonisis common and widespread in raccoons, and there is increasing recognition of human disease, making a clinical consideration of baylisascariasis important. This review provides an update for this disease, especially its clinical relevance and diagnosis, and summarizes the clinical cases of human NLM and VLM known to date. Most diagnosed patients have been young children less than 2 years of age, although the number of older patients diagnosed in recent years has been increasing. The recent development of recombinant antigen-based serodiagnostic assays has aided greatly in the early diagnosis of this infection. Patients recovering with fewer severe sequelae have been reported in recent years, reinforcing the current recommendation that early treatment with albendazole and corticosteroids should be initiated at the earliest suspicion of baylisascariasis. Considering the seriousness of this zoonotic infection, greater public and medical awareness is critical for the prevention and early treatment of human cases.

show abstract

Section: Raccoons As Source Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Raccoons As Source Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Baylisascariasis, a Highly Pathogenic Zoonotic Infection

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Page et al (2008) found that the prevalence of B. procyonis in raccoons in urban areas was lower than rural areas in the midwestern US despite high raccoon densities in urban areas, but Jacobson et al (1982) found no difference in prevalence between rural and urban areas in Indiana. In a more recent study, Kellner et al (2012) found that the prevalence of B. procyonis in intermediate hosts (Peromyscus sp.) was higher in urban than rural areas of Illinois.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

THE IMPACT OF LAND USE, SEASON, AGE, AND SEX ON THE PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OFBAYLISASCARIS PROCYONISINFECTIONS IN RACCOONS (PROCYON LOTOR) FROM ONTARIO, CANADA

Jardine

Pearl

Puskas

et al. 2014

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACT:We assessed the impact of land use, demographic factors, and season on the prevalence and intensity of Baylisascaris procyonis infections in raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Ontario, Canada. From March to October 2012, we recorded the number of B. procyonis in the intestinal tracts of raccoons submitted to the Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre for necropsy. Logistic regression models were used to examine associations between the presence of B. procyonis and age (adult, juvenile), sex, land use (suburban/urban, rural), and season (MarchJune and July-October); negative binomial regression models were used to examine associations between the number of worms and the same variables. We detected B. procyonis in 38% (95% confidence interval 30-47%) of raccoons examined (n5128). In univariable models, the presence of B. procyonis was significantly associated with age, land use, and season (P,0.05). Age was not retained in the multivariable model, and the impact of sex on the presence of B. procyonis varied with land use and season. For example, from March to June, suburban/urban male raccoons were significantly more likely to be infected with B. procyonis than suburban/urban female raccoons. However, later in the summer (July-October), the opposite was true. The median number of worms in the intestinal tracts of infected raccoons was 3 (range 1-116). Worm number was significantly associated with age and season in univariable models; in the multivariable model, juvenile raccoons had significantly more worms than adults, and the impact of season on the number of worms varied with land use and sex. A better understanding of the epidemiology of B. procyonis in raccoons is important for developing appropriate strategies to reduce the risk of human exposure to B. procyonis from the environment.

show abstract

“…In a study comparing prevalence across landscapes in Indiana, prevalence was higher in agriculture-dominated landscapes (28%) than in forest-dominated landscapes (6%), and across the entire landscape, prevalence increased predictably as a function of decreasing forested area and increasing isolation of patches (Page et al, 2001a). In a study of prevalence among white-footed mice in an urban landscape, overall prevalence among mice was 33%, and ranged from 17% to 42% increasing as a function of increasing human population density (Kellner et al, 2012). …”

Section: Transmission Dynamics Of B Procyonis In Human-dominated Lanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Latrines may thus become concentrated in forest patches throughout a variety of landscape types, and increases in transmission to paratenic hosts increase as a function of patch size and isolation (Page et al, 2001a). Even in urban landscapes, raccoons disproportionately visit forested patches (Bozek et al, 2007), and despite decreased prevalence of B. procyonis among raccoons (Page et al, 2009b) in some urban landscapes, prevalence of infection among paratenic hosts in the same landscape is increased (Kellner et al, 2012). This response suggests that potential paratenic hosts may be at increased risk of infection in landscapes that alter contact rates of raccoons and ultimately latrine densities.…”

Section: Transmission Dynamics Of B Procyonis In Human-dominated Lanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites and the conservation of small populations: The case of Baylisascaris procyonis

Page

2013

International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Effects of Urbanization on Prevalence of Baylisascaris procyonis in Intermediate Host Populations

Cited by 23 publications

References 15 publications

Update on Baylisascariasis, a Highly Pathogenic Zoonotic Infection

Update on Baylisascariasis, a Highly Pathogenic Zoonotic Infection

THE IMPACT OF LAND USE, SEASON, AGE, AND SEX ON THE PREVALENCE AND INTENSITY OFBAYLISASCARIS PROCYONISINFECTIONS IN RACCOONS (PROCYON LOTOR) FROM ONTARIO, CANADA

Parasites and the conservation of small populations: The case of Baylisascaris procyonis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About