Effects of urban structure on plant species richness in a large European city

Schmidt, Katharina; Poppendieck, Hans‐Helmut; Jensen, Kai

doi:10.1007/s11252-013-0319-y

Cited by 78 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…These results are in line with previous findings revealing that native common generalists still predominate in most urban areas (Lososová et al 2012a, b;Schmidt et al 2013;Aronson et al 2014).…”

Section: Taxonomic and Ecological Groupssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…3 ( Table A.2), this group of plants consists of species with narrow ranges of habitat preferences, that is, preferring habitat extremes with respect to temperature, continentality, light, or moisture, pH, nutrients, humus, or aeration of soils. Valued species like native specialist or endangered species are still known to inhabit less-disturbed urban sites (e.g., Kühn and Klotz 2006;Sattler et al 2010;Fontana et al 2011;Lososová et al 2012a;Schmidt et al 2013). However, we did not find significant responses of these valued species to urban sprawl, likely because they are affected by factors related to local habitat characteristics that were not included in our set of predictors.…”

Section: Taxonomic and Ecological Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of urban sprawl on species richness of plants, butterflies, gastropods and birds: not only built-up area matters

et al. 2015

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Urban growth is a major factor of global environmental change and has important impacts on biodiversity, such as changes in species composition and biotic homogenization. Most previous studies have focused on effects of urban area as a general measure of urbanization, and on few or single taxa. Here, we analyzed the impacts of the different components of urban sprawl (i.e., scattered and widespread urban growth) on species richness Urban Ecosyst of a variety of taxonomic groups covering mosses, vascular plants, gastropods, butterflies, and birds at the habitat and landscape scales. Besides urban area, we considered the average age, imperviousness, and dispersion degree of urban area, along with human population density, to disentangle the effects of the different components of urban sprawl on biodiversity. The study was carried out in the Swiss Plateau that has undergone substantial urban sprawl in recent decades.Vascular plants and birds showed the strongest responses to urban sprawl, especially at the landscape scale, with non-native and ruderal plants proliferating and common generalist birds increasing at the expense of specialist birds as urban sprawl grew. Overall, urban area had the greatest contribution on such impacts, but additional effects of urban dispersion (i.e., increase of non-native plants) and human population density (i.e., increases of ruderal plants and common generalist birds) were found. Our findings support the hypothesis that negative impacts of urban sprawl on biodiversity can be reduced by compacting urban growth while still avoiding the formation of very densely populated areas.

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Section: Taxonomic and Ecological Groupssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Taxonomic and Ecological Groupsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of urban sprawl on species richness of plants, butterflies, gastropods and birds: not only built-up area matters

et al. 2015

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“…Their native species composition in Northwestern and Central Europe was similar to that of more southern cities. This result could be a consequence of heat‐absorbing surfaces such as asphalt and concrete that support thermophilous and drought‐adapted species even at higher latitudes (Schmidt, Poppendieck, & Jensen, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their native species composition in Northwestern and Central Europe was similar to that of more southern cities. This result could be a consequence of heat-absorbing surfaces such as asphalt and concrete that support thermophilous and drought-adapted species even at higher latitudes (Schmidt, Poppendieck, & Jensen, 2014). that are already present and assumes that shifts in the distribution ranges of alien species will be based on their climatic tolerance (Lososová et al, 2018).…”

Section: Differences Among Habitats Within Citiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar responses of native and alien floras in European cities to climate

Kalusová

Čeplová

Chytrý

et al. 2019

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim Climate is an important factor controlling plant distributions. However, it is not yet fully understood how climate interacts with human impacts or whether the effects of these factors differ between native and alien species. Facing ongoing climate change and urbanization, we explore the effects of climate on plant species richness and composition across European cities. Location Sixty cities in Western, Central and Southern Europe. Taxon Vascular plants. Methods Species presence was recorded in seven habitats in each city. Large‐scale climatic gradients were derived from 22 climatic variables using a partial principal component analysis that controlled for the effects of human population size and gross domestic product. The effects of climate and habitat type on the numbers of native and alien species were tested using linear mixed‐effect models. The native and alien compositional variation across cities and habitats was analysed using principal component analysis with variation partitioning. Results The Mediterranean‐to‐temperate climatic gradient had a significant effect on species numbers across all habitats. The numbers of both native and alien species increased from the Mediterranean to temperate Europe. Within each city, the proportion of alien species decreased from highly urbanized to less urbanized habitats. Climate had a stronger effect on the composition of alien plants than on the composition of native plants. The native species composition especially changed from the Mediterranean to temperate cities and alien species composition also from oceanic to continental cities. Main conclusions Urban native and alien species richness follow the pattern found for the whole European flora. Based on this observation, we suggest that the future shift of warm and dry conditions from the Mediterranean to the north that is expected under global change scenarios could affect richness and change the composition of European urban floras. However, this shift would not necessarily alter the proportions of aliens.

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“…An urban environment is particularly characterized by a high level of habitat fragmentation (Schmidt, Poppendieck, & Jensen, ). According to Rebele (), urban ecosystems present special features, such as mosaic phenomena, species invasion, and extinction processes, where specific perturbation regimes can influence the dynamics and structure of plant and animal populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colonization and extinction dynamics among the plant species at tree bases in Paris (France)

Omar

Schneider‐Maunoury

Barré

et al. 2019

Ecology and Evolution

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In cities, trees planted along streets could play an important ecological role for spontaneous plants growing at their bases. For example, these trees could represent corridors by potentially connecting large green spaces (e.g., parks, gardens), which allow species to move within the urban matrix. We considered sets of urban trees in 15 streets in Paris, France, as metapopulations for 15 plant species. Our objective was to determine the factors influencing the dynamics of colonization and extinction of populations based on the distance of the streets to green spaces and biological traits of each species. Plant species in 1,324 tree bases of the Bercy District of Paris were surveyed annually from 2009 to 2015. For each species and each street, we used SPOMSIM software to identify the best‐fit metapopulation model between four models with different colonization and extinction functions: propagule rain model (PRM) and Levins’ model with or without rescue effect. Results demonstrated that species more often conformed to the PRM in streets near green spaces, which suggested that green spaces could act as sources for the populations in those streets. Species with seeds with long‐term persistence more often conformed to the PRM, indicating that a soil seed bank helps species invade entire streets. Finally, a higher percentage of species with a short height conformed to models with a rescue effect, which indicated that those small species resisted the effects of weeding by the city technical services better than taller species. Synthesis and applications. This study showed how biological traits of species and geography of the district determine the dynamics of plants in the streets, and these results may provide important information for biodiversity management in cities.

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Effects of urban structure on plant species richness in a large European city

Cited by 78 publications

References 51 publications

Impacts of urban sprawl on species richness of plants, butterflies, gastropods and birds: not only built-up area matters

Impacts of urban sprawl on species richness of plants, butterflies, gastropods and birds: not only built-up area matters

Similar responses of native and alien floras in European cities to climate

Colonization and extinction dynamics among the plant species at tree bases in Paris (France)

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