Effects of urban planning indicators on urban heat island: a case study of pocket parks in high-rise high-density environment

Lin, Pingying; Lau, Ssy; Qin, Huifang; Gou, Zhonghua

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2017.09.024

Cited by 172 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A study conducted in Szeged, Hungary found that densely built-up areas had higher annual and monthly mean and minimum air temperatures than structurally open and more vegetated areas [35]. However, in an experimental study conducted in Hong Kong (a typical compact city), it was found that sites with higher density experienced lower air temperature [36]. A study in Toronto, Canada also found that the high-rise area was cooler than middle-rise and low-rise areas, since deep urban canyons could provide more shading and reduce direct solar radiation during daytime [37].…”

Section: Land Use Intensity Descriptorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, green cover ratio, tree cover ratio, and lawn cover ratio are usually adopted to quantify the vegetation in urban climate research, which are normally found to be negatively related with air temperature [39,92,93]. Among all vegetation types, trees are considered more influential on air temperature reduction than grass, since tree canopy can provide shading in addition to the evapotranspiration effect [6,36,94,95]. The cooling effect of trees depends on the species and canopy size.…”

Section: Urban Vegetation Descriptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

et al. 2017

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This paper presents a literature review on urban design indicators addressing the impact of urban geometry and vegetation on the outdoor thermal environment at the pedestrian level, as urban geometry and vegetation have been regarded as the most influential urban design factors that affect outdoor microclimate. The thermal balance concept is first introduced to elaborate how each component of energy fluxes is affected by the urban built environment, which helps to explore the underlying thermophysical mechanisms of how urban design modifies the outdoor thermal environment. The literature on numerous urban design descriptors addressing urban geometric characteristics is categorized into five groups in this paper according to the design features that the parameters entail, including land use intensity, building form, canyon geometry, space enclosure and descriptive characteristics. The literature on urban vegetation descriptors is reviewed together, followed by the combined effect of urban geometry and vegetation. This paper identifies a series of important urban design parameters and shows that the impact of design parameters on thermal environment varies with time, season, local climate and urban contexts. Contradictory impacts often occur between daytime and nighttime, or different seasons, which requests trade-offs to be achieved when proposing design strategies.

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Section: Land Use Intensity Descriptorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Urban Vegetation Descriptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

et al. 2017

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“…The former can provoke a reduction of the wind speed and the latter can limit the release of heat at night [14]. However, urban density associated with very tall buildings can also have a cooling effect because of their projected shadow, which helps to minimize increases in the intensity of the early night-time UHI [15]. Finally, there are also anthropogenic parameters such as industrial heat emissions, heating, transport, or air conditioning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solutions must be found through urban-planning policies by implementing sustainable adaptation strategies, such as those recommended by the European Climate Adaptation Platform, in particular by increasing green and shaded areas [15] in order to improve the thermal comfort of the inhabitants [8,14,32]. Solutions should begin with a better understanding of UHIs, and an assessment of the effect of urban development and temperature renewal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have mainly focused on studying differences in ground temperatures as a function of land-use land cover and its evolution at the city level [16,16,20,[33][34][35], temporal trends in urban SUHI in urban areas [18,36,37], the refreshing impact of parks on their surroundings [15,38,39], the evolution of SUHI as a function of day and night [9,34,40,41], the impact of vegetation on LST at the urban scale [12,36,37,42], comparison of surface temperatures and air temperature [8][9][10]20,43,44], the impact of surface temperatures on health [30,41] and transversely at surface temperatures at moderate resolutions (MODIS 1 km) [16,20,[34][35][36]42,45] but, to our knowledge, there are no similar studies such as ours that analyze the thermal monitoring of site redevelopment at such a detailed spatial and temporal resolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the Effect of Urban Redevelopment on Surface Urban Heat Islands

et al. 2019

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Climate change is a global challenge with multiple consequences. One of its impacts is the increase in heatwave frequency and intensity. The risk is higher for populations living in urban areas, where the highest temperatures are generally identified, due to the urban heat island effect. This phenomenon has recently been taken into account by local elected officials. As a result, developers have decided to use solutions in redevelopment projects to combat high temperatures in urban areas. Consequently, the objective is to study the land-surface temperature evolution of six main urban redevelopments in Lyon, France, from 2000 to 2017. Three of them (the Confluence, Kaplan, and Museum sites) were composed of industrial areas that have undergone major transformations and are now tertiary or residential areas. Two sites have been more lightly transformed, particularly by increasing vegetation to reduce heat stress and urban flooding (Dock and Garibaldi Street). Finally, the Groupama Stadium has been built into agricultural and wooded areas. Changes in vegetation cover (NDVI), water (MNDWI), and moisture (NDMI) content, built areas (NDBI) and bare soil (NDBaI) are also monitored. The results show that the Confluence and Kaplan sites were accompanied by a decrease in surface temperature and an increase in vegetation and moisture, whereas the Groupama Stadium displayed a rise in surface temperature and a decrease in vegetation. On the other hand, the Museum, Dock, and Garibaldi sites did not exhibit clear and uniform trends, although an increase in surface temperature was shown in some statistical tests. The disparity of the results shows the necessity to include a significant amount of vegetation during redevelopment operations in order to reduce heat stress.

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Urban heat islands in Hong Kong: Bonding with atmospheric stability

Wang

Chen

et al. 2021

Atmospheric Science Letters

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A barrier to urban heat island (UHI) mitigation is the lack of quantitative attribution of the various contributions to UHI intensity. This study demonstrates the daily and seasonal dynamics of UHIs in Hong Kong, a subtropical highdensity city. The nocturnal UHIs of the city are grouped according to various dynamic stability conditions (neutral, weak stable, and strong stable) of the boundary layer. Results indicate that the stronger the atmospheric stability, the more intense the UHI. The atmospheric anomalies linked to these stability classifications are hence revealed. In summer, nights of neutral (strong stable) stratification are controlled by low (high) pressure with rising (sinking) motion, less (more) precipitation, and lower (higher) air temperature at the surface. In winter, the influence of the large-scale circulation system of the East Asian winter monsoon is significant. In the upper layer, the East Asian jet stream retreats westward (is displaced northward) on nights with neutral (strong stable) atmospheric stratification. At the surface, southeast China is hot and humid on neutral nights, while on strong stable nights, the coastal regions of southeast China are dry, and East Asia is dominated by positive surface air temperature anomalies. Atmospheric anomalies are generally nonsignificant on nights with weak stable stratification in both summer and winter. These findings provide potential predictors for UHI intensity.

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Effects of urban planning indicators on urban heat island: a case study of pocket parks in high-rise high-density environment

Cited by 172 publications

References 46 publications

The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

The Impact of Urban Design Descriptors on Outdoor Thermal Environment: A Literature Review

Evaluation of the Effect of Urban Redevelopment on Surface Urban Heat Islands

Urban heat islands in Hong Kong: Bonding with atmospheric stability

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