Effects of urban agglomeration on surface-UV doses: a comparison of Brewer
measurements in Warsaw and Belsk, Poland, for the period 2013–2015

Czerwińska, Agnieszka; Krzyścin, Janusz W.; Jarosławski, Janusz; Posyniak, M.

doi:10.5194/acp-16-13641-2016

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…For reference, in Warsaw, the PollyXT lidar-derived aerosol optical depth at 532 nm AOD ABL (532) of 0.11 ± 0.06 was reported as a mean background value within the boundary layer, whereby the lowermost values as low as 0.03 were measured under extremely clean urban conditions after precipitation [52]. In the case of the long-range transport over the site, the columnar measurements with the MFR-7 radiometer at 550 nm can easily increase by an order of magnitude or more (AOD CL (550) even up to 0.7 reported by [60]), with a mean AOD CL (550) of 0.26 reported by [76]. Table 3.…”

Section: Statistical Analyses Of a Decade Of Ablh Measurements In Warsawmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Variability of the Boundary Layer Over an Urban Continental Site Based on 10 Years of Active Remote Sensing Observations in Warsaw

et al. 2020

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Atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) was observed by the CHM15k ceilometer (January 2008 to October 2013) and the PollyXT lidar (July 2013 to December 2018) over the European Aerosol Research LIdar NETwork to Establish an Aerosol Climatology (EARLINET) site at the Remote Sensing Laboratory (RS-Lab) in Warsaw, Poland. Out of a maximum number of 4017 observational days within this period, a subset of quasi-continuous measurements conducted with these instruments at the same wavelength (1064 nm) was carefully chosen. This provided a data sample of 1841 diurnal cycle ABLH observations. The ABLHs were derived from ceilometer and lidar signals using the wavelet covariance transform method (WCT), gradient method (GDT), and standard deviation method (STD). For comparisons, the rawinsondes of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO 12374 site in Legionowo, 25 km distance to the RS-Lab) were used. The ABLHs derived from rawinsondes by the skew-T-log-p method and the bulk Richardson (bulk-Ri) method had a linear correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9 and standard deviation (SD) of 0.32 km. A comparison of the ABLHs obtained for different methods and instruments indicated a relatively good agreement. The ABLHs estimated from the rawinsondes with the bulk-Ri method had the highest correlations, R2 of 0.80 and 0.70 with the ABLHs determined using the WCT method on ceilometer and lidar signals, respectively. The three methods applied to the simultaneous, collocated lidar, and ceilometer observations (July to October 2013) showed good agreement, especially for the WCT method (R2 of 0.94, SD of 0.19 km). A scaling threshold-based algorithm was proposed to homogenize ceilometer and lidar datasets, which were applied on the lidar data, and significantly improved the coherence of the results (R2 of 0.98, SD of 0.11 km). The difference of ABLH between clear-sky and cloudy conditions was on average below 230 m for the ceilometer and below 70 m for the lidar retrievals. The statistical analysis of the long-term observations indicated that the monthly mean ABLHs varied throughout the year between 0.6 and 1.8 km. The seasonal mean ABLH was of 1.16 ± 0.16 km in spring, 1.34 ± 0.15 km in summer, 0.99 ± 0.11 km in autumn, and 0.73 ± 0.08 km in winter. In spring and summer, the daytime and nighttime ABLHs appeared mainly in a frequency distribution range of 0.6 to 1.0 km. In winter, the distribution was common between 0.2 and 0.6 km. In autumn, it was relatively balanced between 0.2 and 1.2 km. The annual mean ABLHs maintained between 0.77 and 1.16 km, whereby the mean heights of the well-mixed, residual, and nocturnal layer were 1.14 ± 0.11, 1.27 ± 0.09, and 0.71 ± 0.06 km, respectively (for clear-sky conditions). For the whole observation period, the ABLHs below 1 km constituted more than 60% of the retrievals. A strong seasonal change of the monthly mean ABLH diurnal cycle was evident; a mild weakly defined autumn diurnal cycle, followed by a somewhat flat winter diurnal cycle, then a sharp transition to a spring diurnal cycle, and a high bell-like summer diurnal cycle. A prolonged summertime was manifested by the September cycle being more similar to the summer than autumn cycles.

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Section: Statistical Analyses Of a Decade Of Ablh Measurements In Warsawmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The urban heat island (UHI) means that the temperature within the urban area is significantly warmer than in the surrounding rural areas [76]. The effect is due to both human activities in the city (traffic, combustion, etc.)…”

Section: Annual Variability Of the Monthly And Seasonal Mean Boundarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of the Boundary Layer Over an Urban Continental Site Based on 10 Years of Active Remote Sensing Observations in Warsaw

et al. 2020

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“…Determining the main drivers of changes at latitudes below 55 • N is more complex, mainly because changes in the aerosol composition and load are more significant, especially at urban sites [35,58,[146][147][148]. Krzyścin, et al [149] used a very long record of broad-band measurements and studied the long-term changes of the erythemal irradiance at Belsk, Poland for the period 1976-2008 reporting positive trends of 6% in its annual average levels, which were mainly attributed to changes in aerosols.…”

Section: Main Findings From Recent Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar UV Irradiance in a Changing Climate: Trends in Europe and the Significance of Spectral Monitoring in Italy

et al. 2019

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Review of the existing bibliography shows that the direction and magnitude of the long-term trends of UV irradiance, and their main drivers, vary significantly throughout Europe. Analysis of total ozone and spectral UV data recorded at four European stations during 1996–2017 reveals that long-term changes in UV are mainly driven by changes in aerosols, cloudiness, and surface albedo, while changes in total ozone play a less significant role. The variability of UV irradiance is large throughout Italy due to the complex topography and large latitudinal extension of the country. Analysis of the spectral UV records of the urban site of Rome, and the alpine site of Aosta reveals that differences between the two sites follow the annual cycle of the differences in cloudiness and surface albedo. Comparisons between the noon UV index measured at the ground at the same stations and the corresponding estimates from the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) forecast model and the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI)/Aura observations reveal differences of up to 6 units between individual measurements, which are likely due to the different spatial resolution of the different datasets, and average differences of 0.5–1 unit, possibly related to the use of climatological surface albedo and aerosol optical properties in the retrieval algorithms.

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“…Determining the main drivers of changes at latitudes below ~55°N is more complex, mainly because changes in the aerosol composition and load are more significant, especially at urban sites [35,58,[144][145][146]. Krzyścin, et al [147] used a very long record of broad-band measurements and studied the long-term changes of the erythemal irradiance at Belsk, Poland for the period 1976 -2008 reporting positive trends of ~6% in its annual average levels, which were mainly attributed to changes in aerosols.…”

Section: Main Findings From Recent Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar UV Irradiance in a Changing Climate: Trends in Europe and the Significance of Spectral Monitoring in Italy

Fountoulakis¹,

Diémoz²,

Siani³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Review of the existing bibliography shows that the direction and magnitude of the long-term trends of UV irradiance, and their main drivers, vary significantly throughout Europe. Analysis of total ozone and spectral UV data recorded at four European stations during 1996 – 2017 reveals that long-term changes in UV are mainly driven by changes in aerosols, cloudiness, and surface albedo, while changes in total ozone play a less significant role. The variability of UV irradiance is large throughout Italy due to the complex topography and large latitudinal extension of the country. Analysis of the spectral UV records of the urban site of Rome, and the alpine site of Aosta reveals that differences between the two sites follow the annual cycle of the differences in cloudiness and surface albedo. Comparisons between the noon UV index measured at the ground at the same stations and the corresponding estimates from the DWD forecast model and OMI/Aura observations reveal differences of up to 6 units between individual measurements, which are likely due to the different spatial resolution of the different datasets, and average differences of 0.5 – 1 unit, possibly related to the use of climatological surface albedo and aerosol optical properties in the retrieval algorithms.

show abstract

Effects of urban agglomeration on surface-UV doses: a comparison of Brewer measurements in Warsaw and Belsk, Poland, for the period 2013–2015

Cited by 11 publications

References 41 publications

Variability of the Boundary Layer Over an Urban Continental Site Based on 10 Years of Active Remote Sensing Observations in Warsaw

Variability of the Boundary Layer Over an Urban Continental Site Based on 10 Years of Active Remote Sensing Observations in Warsaw

Solar UV Irradiance in a Changing Climate: Trends in Europe and the Significance of Spectral Monitoring in Italy

Solar UV Irradiance in a Changing Climate: Trends in Europe and the Significance of Spectral Monitoring in Italy

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