Effects of unknown shadowing and non-line-of-sight on indoor tracking using visible light

Vatansever, Zafer; Brandt-Pearce, Maïté

doi:10.1109/milcom.2017.8170836

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, fingerprint maps with a higher resolution can provide a smaller tracking error. Although these plots are for the EKF, tracking using a PF results in a similar RMSE performance, as shown in [88].…”

Section: Effect Of Lamp Types and Fingerprint Resolution On Trackingmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Each particle has a weight based on its likelihood, and picking the particle with the highest weight (maximum likelihood) can best estimate the state of the user. A more detailed explanation of how the PF is used with an RSS-fingerprint database can be found in [88].…”

Section: Probabilistic Tracking Filters Used In Fingerprint-based Vlpmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that trilateration cannot be employed for random lamps. For high SNR values, the tracking error of fingerprint-based algorithm is dominated by the resolution of the fingerprint map that generates a quantization error [88]. Therefore, fingerprint maps with a higher resolution can provide a smaller tracking error.…”

Section: Effect Of Lamp Types and Fingerprint Resolution On Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bird's-eye view of a room with a single LED lamp illustrating the fingerprint database used in probabilistic tracking filters: (a) a finite difference method based linearization for the EKF, (b) simulation of particles for the PF[88].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Indoor visible light communications, networking, and applications

et al. 2019

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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are changing indoor wireless communications. Visible light communications (VLC) that use LEDs as transmitters is an emerging research area and has significant commercial potential. The light emitted from LEDs can simultaneously carry information and provide illumination. Due to the intrinsic characteristics of light, VLC is more secure, more power efficient, and can provide higher network data transmission rates than radio frequency communications. This paper describes state-of-the-art VLC systems including transmitters, receivers, and channel models. Modulation and networking algorithms for physical layer and cross-layer designs are discussed. These algorithms are designed considering practical constraints, such as the bandlimited channel, illumination requirements, and transmitted power limitations. Indoor localization algorithms are proposed, with a particular focus on fingerprinting. In addition, this paper introduces practical applications of VLC in many fields such as national defense, healthcare, robotics, and vehicle-tovehicle communications. The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges, opportunities, and future of VLC. Nomenclature ACO-OFDM asymmetrically clipped optical OFDM APD avalanche photodiode BER bit error rate CDMA code division multiple access CEO-OFDM clipping-enhanced optical OFDM DCO-OFDM DC-biased optical OFDM HCM Hadamard coded modulation IoT internet of things JOW joint optimal waveform LED light-emitting diodes LOS line-of-sight MAI multiple access interference MIMO multiple input multiple output NLOS non-line-of-sight OCDMA optical code division multiple access OFDM orthogonal frequency division multiplexing OOC optical orthogonal code OPEN ACCESS RECEIVED

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Section: Effect Of Lamp Types and Fingerprint Resolution On Trackingmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Probabilistic Tracking Filters Used In Fingerprint-based Vlpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Lamp Types and Fingerprint Resolution On Trackingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Indoor visible light communications, networking, and applications

et al. 2019

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“…This fact allows us to track the position of the users, and therefore, to predict their CSI, which recalls its deterministic behaviour according to ( 16 ), as the users may move onto the scenario [ 191 ]. Considering the mobility of the users, the impact of shadowing (LoS-link blocking) in a tracking VLC system is analyzed in [ 192 ]. However, to the best or our knowledge, the use of tracking techniques improving the cooperation of precoding techniques in VLC is currently an open issue.…”

Section: Open Issues For Cooperative and Precoding Schemes In Vlcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lights and Shadows: A Comprehensive Survey on Cooperative and Precoding Schemes to Overcome LOS Blockage and Interference in Indoor VLC

Morales-Céspedes

Guzmán

Jiménez

2021

Sensors

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Visible light communications (VLC) have received significant attention as a way of moving part of the saturated indoor wireless traffic to the wide and unregulated visible optical spectrum. Nowadays, VLC are considered as a suitable technology, for several applications such as high-rate data transmission, supporting internet of things communications or positioning. The signal processing originally derived from radio-frequency (RF) systems such as cooperative or precoding schemes can be applied to VLC. However, its implementation is not straightforward. Furthermore, unlike RF transmission, VLC present a predominant line-of-sight link, although a weak non-LoS component may appear due to the reflection of the light on walls, floor, ceiling and nearby objects. Blocking effects may compromise the performance of the aforementioned transmission schemes. There exist several surveys in the literature focused on VLC and its applications, but the management of the shadowing and interference in VLC requires a comprehensive study. To fill this gap, this work introduces the implementation of cooperative and precoding schemes to VLC, while remarking their benefits and drawbacks for overcoming the shadowing effects. After that, the combination of both cooperative and precoding schemes is analyzed as a way of providing resilient VLC networks. Finally, we propose several open issues that the cooperative and precoding schemes must face in order to provide satisfactory VLC performance in indoor scenarios.

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Robust Beamforming-Aided Signal Recovery for MIMO VLC System With Incomplete Channel

Zhang

2019

IEEE Access

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Effects of unknown shadowing and non-line-of-sight on indoor tracking using visible light

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Indoor visible light communications, networking, and applications

Indoor visible light communications, networking, and applications

Lights and Shadows: A Comprehensive Survey on Cooperative and Precoding Schemes to Overcome LOS Blockage and Interference in Indoor VLC

Robust Beamforming-Aided Signal Recovery for MIMO VLC System With Incomplete Channel

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